Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example Essay Example

Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example Paper Addiction 4 Essay Introduction INTRODUCTION Addiction is a chronic disorder proposed to be precipitated by a combination of genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its consequences (Webster, 2003). Addiction is often characterized by a craving for more of the drug or behavior, increased physiological tolerance to exposure, and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the stimulus (NIDA, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to review a recently published book that focuses on family involvement in addiction. The book selected for this project was, â€Å"The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment† by Dr. Carlton (Carl) K. Erickson. Dr. Erickson is a research scientist studying the effects of alcohol on the brain for over 30 years. He received his Ph. D. degree in pharmacology from Purdue University in 1965 and taught and preformed research at The University of Kansas and The University of Texas since 1969. He presently is th e Pfizer Centennial Professor of Pharmacology and Director of the Addiction Science Research and Education Center in the College of Pharmacy at the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Erickson is a published professional with over 150 scientific articles and co-authored multiple books on addiction and drug abuse. As a neuroscientist, he believes that addictions are neurochemical disorders. Although, in 1988 the United States Supreme Court declared alcoholism to be willful misconduct (Gerde, 2005), Dr. Erickson bases his belief on decades of comprehensive genetic and neurobiological research that provided evidence that addiction is a disease of the brain with genetic connection. Addiction 4 Essay Body Paragraphs He believes if the addiction is diagnosed early it can be treated successfully. Dr. Erickson is more than qualified to speak on the subject of addiction and any subtopics related to addition. Dr. Erickson’s book is written to a general audience and easy to understand. The book provides a clear and detailed overview of current neurobiological information and treatment programs for addiction based solely on science and provides a brief description of genetics. According to Dr. Erickson there have been possible causative genes identified. He emphasizes in his book that any treatment approach cannot rely on pharmacological solutions alone and that treatment must be individualized, but does not go into great detail. Although, he does refer to group, individual and family counseling his main focus is pharmaceutical treatment. The first chapter of the book clarifies the terminology used throughout the book. The next 7 chapters provide a crash course in the basics of the brain, the an atomy and neurobiology of addiction, genetics and pharmacology. Chapter 8 lists various treatment programs offered for the most widespread addictions to include several types of counseling methods and pharmaceutical treatments. Dr. Erickson focuses on addiction as a disease process and dismisses most psychological aspects of the addicted person, claiming the addicted person is not responsible for their condition. Dr. Erickson’s simply ignores other research and evidence that support a psychological bases for addiction. Although there has been no clear-cut cause identified for addiction, research has identified numerous factors as potential causes. Potential cause are everything from genetic, physiological, biochemical, social and prenatal factors to emotional conflicts, personality traits, learned behavior and stress. His treatment modalities focus on pharmacological treatments disregarding the psychological piece of prevention and treatment not to mention free will and moral responsibility. Scientific research supports addiction as a disease and also supports the idea that there are psychological factors present as potential causative factors as well as plays a significant role in prevention and treatment, (SAMSHA, 2004). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) family does influence prevention and treatment. One of the individual factors related to successful prevention and treatment include motivation to change drug-using behavior and the degree of support from family and friends is crucial. It is important for the families to be part of treatment. They need to be referred to support groups designed to helping them understand their role is intertwined in the addiction. These groups will provide education about the disease in general and how they will assist in treatment. Although, Dr. Erickson has valid scientific research on the topic of addiction and his research is accepted in the medical community his treatment modalities lacks th e whole person concept. NIDA agrees addiction is a disease of the brain because addiction changes the brain’s structure and how the brain works. NIDA explains, the initial decision to indulge in addictive behavior is voluntary, but over time the individual’s ability to exert self control is seriously impaired. Dr. Erickson’s book implies the primary and only contributing factor to addictive behavior is genetic. This is in contrast to NIDA research. NIDA expresses that there are many factors contributing to an individual susceptibility in displaying addictive behavior range from physical make up to environmental influences. According to NIDA only about 40% of the total contributing factors are possibly genetic the rest is psychological, environmental and by choice. The influence of the home environment is in most cases a significant influence. Parents or older family members who abuse alcohol or drugs can increase an individual’s risk of developing their o wn addictive behaviors. NIDA does support the ideas that addiction is a treatable disease. With the discoveries in science and research there have been many advances in addictive treatment. Like other chronic diseases, addiction can be managed successfully. Research shows that combining medications with behavioral therapy is the best way to ensure success for most patients. NIDA and Dr. Erickson agree that treatment approaches must be tailored to address each individual, but differ on the appropriate care plan. Behavioral treatments are recognized by the medical community as an essential part of addiction treatment. Behavioral treatment assists in modifying an individual attitudes and behaviors related to their addiction and increasing their skills to handle stressful circumstances and environmental cues that may trigger intense craving and enhance the effectiveness of medications (SAMSHA, 2004). Getting an addicted person to stop is just one part of the treatment and recovery proce ss. Addiction has disrupted how they function in their family lives, at work and in the community. Because addiction can affect so many aspects of an individual’s life, treatment must address the needs of the entire individual to be successful. Treatment need to meet the individual’s medical, psychological, social, vocational, religious and legal needs (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2008). This is why the best programs incorporate a variety of services into their treatment program. Successful treatment programs across the U. S. include cognitive behavioral, group and family therapies as well as motivational incentives. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps individuals recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations in which they are most likely to fall into addictive behaviors. Motivational incentives use positive reinforcement such as providing rewards or rivileges for appropriate behaviors such as for attending and participating in counseling sessions, or for taking medications as prescribed. Group therapy helps individual face their addiction realistically and come to terms with its harmful consequences, and boost their motivation. Family therapy uses the family strength to assist the individual to find resources to continue in treatment (NIDA, 2008). Dr. Erickson is definitely a qualified professional in the field of addiction and has the credentials in his field of study. He is an accepted expert and member of the medical community. Although, Dr. Erickson’s book â€Å"The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment† has valid research and support from the medical community it has areas in conflict with the medical community as a whole in the area of contributing factors for addiction and treatment modalities. His research on the contributing factors for addiction is validated by the medical and research communities, but is lacking in the complete picture of addiction including other contributing factors such as environment, psycholog ical factors and treatment modalities other then pharmacological treatment. He does make some mention of counseling and therapy, but focuses mostly on pharmacological treatments and therapies. Dr. Erickson’s book did not add to or detract from the text used for this course. The information in Dr. Erickson’s book was straight forward and easy to follow, but could be misleading or misinterpreted simply by not including all factors related to the cause of addiction and treatment. His book was consistent with most other addiction research, but did not follow the line when it came to the whole person concept in causes and treatment. This could possibly be due to the fact that Dr. Erickson has a degree in pharmacology and is a Professor of Pharmacology. His views may be biased as a result of his profession. Although, Dr. Erickson has some differing views his research is valid and does provide useful information to base addiction research, prevention and treatment. Although, this book did not directly focus on family involvement in addition it did focus on the genetic link to addiction which is part of the theory linking family to the root of addictive behaviors. REFERENCES Capuzzi, D. Stauffer, M. (2008). Foundations of Addictions Counseling. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ Erickson, C. (2007). The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment. W. W. Norton Company, Inc: New York, NY Gerde, L. (2005). Addiction : Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven: San Diego Ca Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th Edition (2003). Merriam-Webster: Springfield, MA NIDA (2008). The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction. Retrieved 10 August 2008, from http://www. drugabuse. gov// SAMSHA (October 4, 2004). Addiction Treatment Should Include Family Therapy Practical Guidelines for Counselors. Retrieved 15 August 2008, from www. samhsa. gov/ We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Gauging the Effectiveness of Anti-war Activities essays

Gauging the Effectiveness of Anti-war Activities essays The Vietnam War leaves many dark legacies described in the superlatives: the most unpopular war, the most bombs dropped compared to all prior wars combined, the worst loss in U.S. military operation, and the list goes on. However, a legacy that is acutely palpable today as many Americans protest against the war in Iraq is the phobia about sending American troops abroad - otherwise known as the Vietnam syndrome. The Vietnam War is a black hole in U.S history that Americans do not want to revisit. This is evident through the U.S.s concentrated and decisive attacks during the Persian Gulf War in 1991 (perhaps soon to be Persian Gulf War I) that never eradicated the Saddam regime and its brief involvement in the Yugoslavia ethnic cleansing crises. Now, the possibility of war is near. The fear still resonating from Vietnam and the hope for peace prompt Americans to take a place in demonstrations. However, we must ask ourselves, how effective are protests and demonstrations in changing the minds, the policy of the people who ultimately decide the course of events and are resolute to do so by force? This is not to discredit the necessity of protests and demonstrations, but to question as to how one gauges the effectiveness of such actions. Deriving from the Oxford English Dictionary, to demonstrate is to publicly manifest an interest in public issues, usually taking the form of a procession or mass-meeting, and to protest is to express dissent or rejection of prevailing issues. During the Vietnam War, a distinction arose between these two concepts. Demonstration refers to a passive manifestation while protest refers to a more forceful one. However, the goal of these two activities is essentially the same: demanding a change in policy of a certain issue, which in the context of this essay is war. Various protests and demonstrations in history yielded different results. In the 1940s, the passive resistance against...

A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex - Essay Example In terms of competition in the future, it may be noted that people living in larger cities are likely to gain access more quickly to film DVDs and sophisticated movie watching equipment which would pull them away from the theatres, while the smaller regional areas are likely to continue with their theatre activity for a much longer period. This leads to the inference that Regal and AMC may decide to shift their focus and compete for the smaller regional markets, to capture the higher numbers of the theatre going public. The other two exhibitors may opt to offer digital film viewing to enhance viewer experience. It must be noted however, that there is likely to be a decline in the business activity of all the four industry rivals and more and more movie goers tend to turn away from watching movies on big screens in favour of watching them at home on sophisticated TV and DVD systems with superior audio equipment. The other side of the coin is that competition among industry rivals coul d heat up more, as they compete fiercely for customers. Cinemark and Carmike could decide to consolidate their position and thereby offer stiffer competition to the two larger rivals; hence in a lean market, these industry players are likely to consider various business-savvy moves such as mergers and acquisitions in order to aggregate and consolidate the existing markets as they rapidly diminish and to improve their negotiation ability with studios. 2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each of the top four competitors' situations and strategic approaches. 2. The advantages of Regal’s strategy is focus on mid size markets using multi and mega plexes – this would ensure full occupancy and profit maximization. It is also the largest exhibitor in the United States, with 6335 screens and about 12 screens average per theatre, hence it has maximum access to film material to draw viewers in. The disadvantage is the high price, because at $7.43, it’s the highest among the leaders and consumers would be able to view the films for a lower price using other exhibitors. This factor would be especially relevant in recessionary times such as we have presently, because it could pull away many potential viewers to theatres operated by other exhibitors. Another disadvantage is that it has the highest costs per screen. AMC: This exhibitor operates 4585 screens but shows an average of 14 screens per theatre. This is the most significant advantage offered by this exhibitor because it provides consumers with maximum levels of variety in their film viewing. Another advantage this exhibitor has is the ability to pull in the crowds, because the theatres are located in densely populated, urban areas. They are not as expensive as Regal and for the major chunk of the viewing audience, i.e, the younger teen audiences, the greater variety and lower prices offer better options for a date or night out. AMC can also easily offer digital viewing, which would be yet another huge draw. The disadvantage is that because its audiences are mostly in urban areas, they are more likely to use alternative movie watching modes such as new audio equipment and DVDs which would reduce theatre going altogether. Another disadvantage is the high cost per screen Cinemark: One of its advantages is that it serves specifically targeted smaller markets Sole theatre chain for those markets Lowest average ticket price compared to other

Music Buisness Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music Buisness Plan - Assignment Example For profit entities major stakeholders include customers and investors while in non-profit entities key stakeholders are donors. On the other hand, business plans that are internally focused embark on attaining intermediate goals so as to reach external objectives. Company description Due to the increased need by individuals to engage in health maintenance programs offered by various SPA centers, my Idea is to establish a music company that will ensure adequate relaxation and enjoyment with the SPA centers. On the Beat Company (OBC) will embark on producing Rhythm and Blues (R&B) music. In this way, the company aims at providing various genre of music that make up the contemporary (R&B) music that includes funks among others. In this way, the company targets both the old and young clients who visit the centers. To expand its capital base, OBC will operate as a limited company. In this way, it will attract more investors who will be focused at contributing a significant capital to rec eive high dividends. OBC mission statement is to provide high quality entertainment that will ensure it capitalize on the expanding music industry across the world. Product and services As mentioned earlier, OBC embark on producing (R&B) music. Do to the high demand of this type of music especially among the young people, the company is focused at expanding its sources of revenue by engaging in various income generating activities that are related to the music industry as outlined in this section. Ringtones OBC will provide an opportunity to ensure that our customers can subscribe for ringtones in monthly bases. Each ringtone will cost US$1. With the partnership of a local mobile company, OBC will provide a framework that will streamline the sharing of profits generated by the monthly subscriptions from our customers. Based on the high number of our customers who owns mobile phones, OBC will generate a significant amount of funds that will enhance our expansion. Selling of albums In order to ensure that our customers can regularly enjoy our services in the health centers and back in their homes, OBC will also embark on selling its albums in the local and international market. Selling and loading of flash disks In the contemporary world, individuals who possess computers like to listen to a wide range of music while undertaking their duties. In this regard, OBC will embark on selling flash disks to our clients and then loading them with music at a fee. In order to attain a competitive advantage, OBC will utilize mobile phones, Ipods and social sites such as twitter and face book to communicate with our customers. As the number of clients who visit the SPA centers increase day by day, we expect our customer base to expand thus increasing our total sales. Marketing plan The new technology in the music industry has resulted into a stiff competition that has forced many companies to depart from the traditional lines that created divisions among the artists and reco rding companies among other stakeholders. In the same way, the growth of music companies has been enhanced as a result of extensive marketing and promotional strategies through free services such as you tube, face book and twitter. One of

Write about a time you felt like a stranger in a village Essay

Write about a time you felt like a stranger in a village - Essay Example He had brought with him not only the exterior changes vis-Ã  -vis new dress style but also the baggage of modernity where technology was fast replacing the personal touch. My friend was now smartly dressed in branded jeans and shoes that had brought the envy of youngsters. Lifestyle changes within him were also reflected in his way of interacting with his elders and old friends who had remained in the village. He did not like to discuss the farming problems nor was interested in playing with his old mates. He found those activities subservient to his new status; he was now a respected scholar; he was destined for higher things in life and not for the mundane life of a villager. His laptop had become more important for him than talking with his parents, friends and village elders who were looking forward to his return. So it was not surprising that soon, the rest of the villagers started treated him as stranger and he indeed started feeling like a

The United States Relations With Pakistan And India Politics Essay

The United States Relations With Pakistan And India Politics Essay Realism has made the United States building its policies toward South Asia. Since the end of Cold War, the United States and India actively improving relations with each other, meanwhile the importance of Pakistan and the United States declined. Since the Kashmir incidence between India and Pakistan, both countries remain in tension and conflict. When the United States administrations decided to focus its partnership toward India, it resulted on the growing distance relationship between the United States with Pakistan, but the September 11 attacks suddenly restored Pakistan strategic importance to Washington. With the new strategies, the United States has to balance its policies toward India and Pakistan. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK Realism has been the dominant theory of foreign affairs since the concept of international relations theory.  [1]  The universal goals of realism are security and power, with the key concept of power and interest. Realism assumes that its key concept of interest defined as power is an objective category which is universally valid, but it does not endow that concept with a meaning that is fixed once and for all. The idea of interest is indeed of the essence of politics and is unaffected by the circumstances of time and place.  [2]   The United States realists would focus on strengthening security ties in Asia and work to establish clearer threshold with the growing power Chinas leadership. The United States administration has moved in this direction, as represented by the strategic partnership with India and the recent pivot to Asia.  [3]  Realists stated that there is no eternal friend or eternal enemy, only eternal national interest. The U.S. eternal interest is to preclude a hostile power from dominating Europe or Asia. In order to maintain that interest the United States built a global alliance system to contain the Soviet Union during the Cold War era, and wanted India, the dominant state in South Asia to join it.  [4]   THE UNITED STATES RELATIONS WITH PAKISTAN AND INDIA In a security alliance since 2004 and strategic partners since 2006, the United States and Pakistan for decades experienced major shifts in the nature and tone of their relations. In the post-9/11 period, assisting in the creation of a more stable, democratic, and prosperous Pakistan actively combating religious militancy has been among the most important U.S. foreign policy efforts. Vital U.S. interests are seen to be at stake in its engagement with Pakistan related to regional and global terrorism; efforts to stabilize neighboring Afghanistan; nuclear weapons proliferation; links between Pakistan and indigenous American terrorism; Pakistan-India tensions and conflict; democratization and human rights protection; and economic development. As a haven for numerous terrorist groups, and as the worlds most rapid proliferator of nuclear weapons, Pakistan presents a combination that places it at the top of many governments international security agendas.  [5]   India, the regions dominant actor with more than one billion citizens, is often characterized as a major power and partner of the United States and counterbalance for Chinas growing power. Washington and New Delhi have since 2004 been pursuing a strategic partnership based on shared values such as democracy, pluralism, and rule of law. Numerous economic, security, and global initiatives, including plans for full civilian nuclear energy cooperation is underway. This latter initiative, launched by President Bush in July 2005 and provisionally endorsed by the 109th Congress in 2006 (P.L. 109-401, the Hyde Act), would reverse three decades of U.S. nonproliferation policy. It requires, among other steps, a Joint Resolution of Approval by Congress. Also in 2005, the United States and India signed a ten-year defense framework agreement that calls for expanding bilateral security cooperation. Since 2002, the two countries have engaged in numerous combined military exercises. Major U.S. arms sales to India are planned.  [6]   Further U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition, competing claims to the Kashmir region, and, in more recent years, cross-border terrorism in both Kashmir and major Indian cities. In the interests of regional stability, the United States strongly encourages an ongoing India-Pakistan peace initiative and remains concerned about the potential for conflict over Kashmir sovereignty to cause open hostilities between these two nuclear-armed countries. Both India and Pakistan have resisted external pressure to sign the major nonproliferation nuclear weapon treaties. In 1998, the two countries conducted nuclear tests that evoked international condemnation. Proliferation-related restrictions on U.S. aid were triggered, and then later lifted through congressional-executive cooperation from 1998 to 2000. Remaining sanctions on India and Pakistan were removed in late 2001.  [7]   THE UNITED STATES POLICIES TOWARD PAKISTAN Most of the United States policies in Pakistan emphasize a security-oriented approach that could risk derailing trends by eliciting even stronger anti-American nationalism among the Pakistani people.  [8]  The policies are as follows: Pressure counterterrorism on Pakistan. In May 2012, The Security of State Clinton requested more Pakistan efforts to clear its territory of terrorist sanctuaries. U.S. officials remained acutely concerned about the apparent impunity with which Pakistan-based extremist and militant groups are able to act.  [9]   Weaken U.S. Pakistan relationship to strengthen U.S. India relationship. This issue made Pakistan more reliant on its partnership with China, also in response to this issue, Pakistan actively improved its nuclear weapons. Leahy amendment provisions by withholding train and equip funding for several Pakistani army units.  [10]   According to the U.S. Department of State, the overall human rights situation in Pakistan remains poor, and that lack of government accountability remains a pervasive problem; abuses often go unpunished, fostering a culture of impunity.  [11]   Foreign assistance and coalition support reimbursement.  [12]   Pakistan is among the leading recipients of U.S. aid in the post-9/11 period, having been appropriated about $24 billion in assistance and military reimbursements since 2001. By the end of 2011, the U.S. Congress had appropriated more than $8.3 billion in development and humanitarian aid, and nearly $7 billion for security-related programs over ten years.  [13]   THE UNITED STATES POLICIES TOWARD INDIA The United States experienced challenges in maintaining its relations with India to manage disagreements on five potentially divisive strategic issues: Afghanistan-Pakistan strategy, China policy, arms control, climate change, and high-technology cooperation. The Obamas administration policies adopted to solve the issues listed as follows: Deploy 30,000 additional troops to Afghanistan should reassure those Indians who view the fight there as a test of U.S. staying power in South Asia.  [14]   Devote increasing time and energy to cultivate the U.S.-Chinese relationship. Indians are asking whether Washington envisions a role for India in maintaining a balance of power in Asia, or whether the Obama administration views India as tangential to U.S. priorities there.  [15]   Renew U.S. efforts to ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). If China wants to do so, too, India will be pressured to follow suit, even it is unlikely.  [16]   India is the worlds fourth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Both Washington and New Delhi support investment in green technologies, but internationally mandated and monitored emissions reductions are political problem in India, where they are often seen as a drag on growth and an affront to Indian sovereignty.  [17]   The United States emphasis on national security export controls and intellectual property protection has excessively restricted licenses and transfers.  [18]   India remained on the U.S. Special 301 Priority Watch List in 2011 for failing to provide an adequate level of IPR protection or enforcement, or market access for persons relying on intellectual property protection.  [19]  Moreover, since 1998, a number of Indian entities have been subjected to case-by-case licensing requirements and appear on the U.S. export control Entity List of foreign end users involved in weapons proliferation activities.  [20]   RECOMMENDATION The U.S. military aid has done little to stem Islamist militancy in Pakistan and may even hinder that countrys economic and political development. For that reason, Indonesia should voice its disagreement to this policy. The United States policy should have been targeting effective nonmilitary aid, perhaps especially that which would strengthen Pakistans civil society such as nonproliferation, governance, economic growth, and also support Pakistan initiatives that could promote its regional stability. The United States and India share important interests: both seek to restore global growth, protect the global commons, enhance global energy security, and ensure a balance of power in Asia. Indonesia administration could recommend enhancing the level of transparency in their relationship. Closer cooperation such as on counterterrorism would mean closer coordination on developments regarding Pakistan as well. They must therefore increase the scope, quality, and intensity of their cooperation at every level. Some of other United States policies in the South Asia are based on Washington strategic interest, but if Obamas policies able to ease the tension between India and Pakistan; Indonesia administration might support them, having acknowledge that the war can lead to nuclear war. CONCLUSION History shows that the relations between The United States with India and Pakistan have been based strictly on military and economic support.  [21]  Strategic interest has been the most important factor for U.S. policy toward South Asia. The policy has been a part of a U.S strategy to prevent external power from dominating Asia. From the U.S. perspective, the Soviet Union was that power in the Cold War era, and China emerges as the most likely candidate for the power in the post-Cold War era. The United States failed to change India and Pakistan nuclear policy and decided to lift part of the sanctions. President George Bush administration at first treated India as a focus of relations in South Asia, but the September 11th attacks restored Pakistans importance to the United States. In order to win the support of India and Pakistan for anti-terrorism, the United States lifted all the sanctions against them, provided Pakistan with loans and strengthened military cooperation with Pakistan. Due to terrorist actions in India, tensions between India and Pakistan repeatedly flared up. The United States had to step in, to evade the escalations that might become war, or even more nuclear war. But the United States is unable to help solve the Kashmir dispute. As long as the United States still see China as the threat to its global power, they will treat India as its partner in South Asia. As long as the anti-terrorist campaign continues and the Afghanistans conditions established, the United States will need Pakistans cooperation; hence the United States will try to maintain its current policies toward India and Pakistan.

Influence of Mass Media :: Media

"People are more influenced by mass media than they think. What evidence is there to support this statement?" By Mass Media I mean 'the whole body of media reaching large numbers of public' the major ones being newspapers, television and the Internet. The main purposes of mass media are to provide information, entertainment and advertisement. In this essay I will discuss the influence that Mass Media has in the general public and give the evidence to support the statement "People are more influenced by mass media than they think.…". The history of mass media can be said that started from the ancient Greece. Philosophers, generals and politicians of the ancient Society discuss issues and after spread to the public by the use of word of mouth. The ancient Greek Drama and poetry can be considered as a form of mass media, communicates a message to the society. In other words since the early years people has always being influenced by Mass Media. In today's world people cannot live without Mass Media and with the help of technological improvements to send messages to the masses is becoming easier and easier. As we are been shower with tons of advertising, information and other sort of materials by the different types of Mass Media has influence in our everyday life styles. Newspapers are typically daily or weekly publication that contains news and opinion of current events, featuring articles, and advertising. By fact ‘there are now about 9000 daily newspapers around the world.' Therefore newspapers reach a wide audience worldwide, which is why newspaper is a type of Mass Media. The newspapers are an incredible influence tool in society; they can easily turn on people emotions in favor or against an issue or something. This is because we as readers tend to believe everything that is written in the newspaper even do it might be the wrong information. We can take the case around 12 years ago of the murder of James Bulger by Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, the British press had alleged that the kids were influence to commit such an act because of a spiteful video that they had watched, at the end the end they two kinds had not seen that video. What does this tell us about the newspapers? They mislead information that goes to the public which immediately influences the public to react, in this case the parent of kids prosecute the media that had influence their kids, but they don't know that the same media is influencing them to do act that way.

Ancient Rome Essay

†¢ It is not acceptable to simply say â€Å"the two civilizations were similar and different† – specify specifically how they are similar and different †¢ Possible Prompt: Analyze similarities and differences in techniques of imperial administration in TWO of the following empires. – Han China (206 B. C. E. –220 C. E. ) – Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B. C. E. –550 C. E. ) – Imperial Rome (31 B. C. E. –476 C. E. )Example †¢ The political system of Han China is similar to the Guptan Empire in that both included strict laws and stressed the importance of your role in society. A major difference between these administrations is that in Han China the king was fully in charge, even revered, while in the Mauryan/Guptan Empire priests were at the top of the hierarchy. Example †¢ The imperial administration of Han China and Imperial Rome were similar because they were both headed by an emperor. However, they differed in their treatment of the emperor. In Han China a ruler’s decisions, if detrimental to society, could be questioned. While in Rome, what the emperor decreed could not be questioned. What do I need for my thesis? †¢ You must address 1 specific similarity and 1 specific difference. †¢ i. e. Both the Empires of China and Rome were ruled by an emperor who maintained imperial control, however, the Chinese instituted a system of scholar bureaucrats that gained their position through merit, while the Romans never achieved such an elaborate bureaucracy. What is a direct comparison? †¢ This is a comparison that is not split between paragraphs or by other sentences. It must be one or two sentences that compare one subject of the comparison to another. †¢ Your comparisons should be supported by evidence to support your statement. Example Direct Comparison: While both the Roman and Han (or Gupta) Empires left behind many achievements, the Han (or Gupta) were much more technologically and culturally creative. Evidence: – The Romans took much of their culture from the Greeks, such as their religion, artwork and architecture. – While the Romans had aqueducts, roads and other great works, much of this was taken from others and improved upon. The Gupta on the other hand came up with the concept of zero and a base 10 number system that is still in use today. – The Romans relied on slavery for their source of labor, while the Chinese relied upon free peasants. This led to technological stagnation on the part of the Romans, while the Chinese were able to (insert pieces of specific evidence here). What is analysis? †¢ This is where you explain why. †¢ You tell the reader what caused this similarity or difference to occur. †¢ This is usually a because sentence and the most difficult part of the comparison essay. †¢ The reason that the Guptan bureaucracy was never as elaborate as that of the Chinese was because†¦. 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They are very spiritual but have no set predominant religion that most people worship. The Chinese culture can be said to be a mix between polytheistic, pantheistic, and atheistic. In the past some sinologists and sociologists such as Jan De Groot and C. K. Yang have sought to fully understand China’s religious position and†¦ 471   Words | 3   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Essay about Introduction to China †¦? Introduction to China Cheng Ho Cheng Ho Cheng Ho (1371 – 1433) was a eunuch in the service of the Ming emperor Yung-lo and commander in chief of the Chinese expeditionary fleet to the South Seas in the early years of the 15th century. Born into a family named Ma, presumably of Mongol-Arab origin, in central Yunnan Province, Cheng Ho was selected to be†¦ 471   Words | 5   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Mcdonald s in China Essay †¦ McDonald’s: Is China Lovin’ it? Executive Summary This case studies McDonald’s’ business model as it develops to achieve success in the Chinese market. Issues addressed included how to retain McDonald’s’ image of cultural Americana, yet adapt to satisfy pallets and appeal to patrons in Chinese culture. 1. What is the purpose of conducting an external environmental analysis? What are the general environmental forces that could influence or have influenced McDonald’s†¦ 471   Words | 6   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT China and Japan Essay †¦ China and Japan From 1500 to 1800, China and Japan tried to politically and economically established their countries in very different ways. Japan fought war after war for a century before they changed their ways. China on the other hand slowly established a government and used education as a tool to be politically and economically strong. Japan would later do the same. China was one of the most politically and economically strong†¦ 471   Words | 3   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT China Doll Essay †¦ may be looking to China to ‘contract manufacture’ for them as the price there were very competitive. HCF is not match to China growing economy and this new development will definitely cause the downfall of HCF. Jeffrey had garnered the assistance of his senior management team to brainstorm on possible options HCF can look at. Although acknowledging that looking into China is in inevitable, the team was divided in the approach to be taken. First†¦ 471   Words | 4   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT CITE THIS DOCUMENT APA (2012, 11). Han China. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 11, 2012, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Han-China-1218267. html MLA MLA 7 CHICAGO.

Right Brain, Left Brain Essays - Cerebrum, Neuroscience, Free Essays

Right Brain, Left Brain Essays - Cerebrum, Neuroscience, Free Essays Right Brain, Left Brain Psychology The article in which I chose to examine is called Right Brain, Left Brain: Fact and Fiction, written by Jerre Levy. In the past fifteen years or so there has been a lot of talk of left brain and right brain people. Levy's reason for righting this article was clearly to stop the misconceptions and show the truth about how our brain hemispheres operate. Levy first explores the myth of the left brain and right brain theory. She states that generally people see the left hemisphere of the brain controlling logic and language and the right, creativity and intuition. In addition people differ in their styles of thought, depending on which half of the brain is dominant. She believes that most of what these notions state is farce. Next the article explores the history of this fascination of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Apparently the study of this aspect of the brain traces back to time of Hippocrates. Levy weaves in and out of the various theories and prominent people known for contributing to the confusion. It wasn't until 1962 when Roger W. Sperry began experimenting on certain aspects of the brain that contribute to the truth of the left and right brain theory. Sperry studied people who had undergone surgical division of the corpus callosum, the bridge between the two hemispheres. His studies showed that, "an object placed in the right hand (left hemisphere) could be named readily, but one placed in the left hand (nonverbal right hemisphere) could be neither named nor described. Next to branch off of Sperry's studies was psychologist Doreen Kimura. Kimura developed behavioral methods which involved presenting visual stimuli rapidly to either the left or right visual fields. Another important method developed was "dichotic listening" which centered around the use of sound to study the hemispheres. Through these tests and the continual study the theory that the left brain controlled ended. Instead a new theory was born known as the two-brain theory. This said that at different times one of the two hemispheres would be operating. An example of this is that the right hemisphere is in control when an artist paints but the left hemisphere was in control when a novelist wrote a book. This theory failed because of one physical studies showed that people with hemispheres surgically disconnected could operate in everyday life. Also, research demonstrated that each hemisphere had its own functional expertise, and that the two halves were complementary. Next, the article states its worth. The author shows the up to date agreed upon theory of the two hemispheres in five simple points. 1. The two hemispheres are so similar that when they are disconnected by split-brain surgery, each can function remarkably well, although quite imperfectly 2. Although they are remarkably similar they are also different. The differences are seen in contrasting contributions. Each hemisphere contributes something to every action a person takes. 3. Logic is not confined to the left hemisphere. Although dominant in the left logic is present in the right hemisphere. 4. There is no evidence that either creativity or intuition is an exclusive property of the right hemisphere. Same theory as #3. 5. Since the two hemispheres do not function independently, and since each hemisphere contributes its special capacities to all cognitive activities, it is quite impossible to educate one hemisphere at a time in a normal brain. Levy comes to the conclusion that people are not purely left or right brained. There is a continuum in which the hemispheres work together in harmony. Often the left or right hemisphere is more active in some people but it is never the sole operator. She concludes, "We have a single brain that generates a single mental self." Compared to what we did in class related to the left and right hemispheres of the brain, both what we learned and the article taught were extremely similar. Our exercise showed that we are not left or right brained but merely somewhere on the scale between left and right brain. Some of us were extreme left, few extreme right and most in the middle leaning left a bit (this is where I fell). I could not agree more with what we did in class and the article I

Free Essays on Still I Rise

Maya Angelou: Still I Rise Maya Angelo was quoted in an article in Essence: African American Politicians Interviews, as saying â€Å" The power that I have first comes directly from being a descendent of people whose powerful history makes me humble. I would like to think that if I had been born anything other than black and other than a black American women, that I had done something wrong in a former life and God was making me pay for it.† The power of the poem â€Å"Still I Rise† is derived from Maya Angelou’s powerful sense of humility (not modesty) of who she is and glorifying in it. Angelou was born April 14, 1928 as Marguerite Johnson in St Louis, MO but was raised in segregated rural Arkansas. She was raped at the age of eight, and was an unwed mother by the time she was 16 years old. In spite of a tragic beginning she has still managed to become a poet, a author, a historian, a actress, a playwright, a civil-rights activist, a producer, and a director. She began her career in dram a and dance and in 1993 she wrote and delivered the presidential inauguration for President Bill Clinton. She is also fluent in English, French, Spanish, Italian, and West African Fanti. Several types of emotions are conveyed through Angelou’s poem and knowing something about Angelou’s life can help one to understand her poetry. Having survived many hardships she brings those feeling of jubilation and fear to her literary work. She is open and honest about her emotions and easily passes this feeling and thoughts to her readers. â€Å"Still I Rise† is a poem written in free verse with predominately four lines stanza’s. The language is simple and easy to understand. It doesn’t have any rhyme or rhythm, however it does use figurative language throughout the poem. For instance stanza two â€Å" ‘Cause I walk like I’ve got oil well pumping in my living room?†. Or stanza four â€Å" Shoulder falling down like teardrops. weakened by my soulful ... Free Essays on Still I Rise Free Essays on Still I Rise Maya Angelou: Still I Rise Maya Angelo was quoted in an article in Essence: African American Politicians Interviews, as saying â€Å" The power that I have first comes directly from being a descendent of people whose powerful history makes me humble. I would like to think that if I had been born anything other than black and other than a black American women, that I had done something wrong in a former life and God was making me pay for it.† The power of the poem â€Å"Still I Rise† is derived from Maya Angelou’s powerful sense of humility (not modesty) of who she is and glorifying in it. Angelou was born April 14, 1928 as Marguerite Johnson in St Louis, MO but was raised in segregated rural Arkansas. She was raped at the age of eight, and was an unwed mother by the time she was 16 years old. In spite of a tragic beginning she has still managed to become a poet, a author, a historian, a actress, a playwright, a civil-rights activist, a producer, and a director. She began her career in dram a and dance and in 1993 she wrote and delivered the presidential inauguration for President Bill Clinton. She is also fluent in English, French, Spanish, Italian, and West African Fanti. Several types of emotions are conveyed through Angelou’s poem and knowing something about Angelou’s life can help one to understand her poetry. Having survived many hardships she brings those feeling of jubilation and fear to her literary work. She is open and honest about her emotions and easily passes this feeling and thoughts to her readers. â€Å"Still I Rise† is a poem written in free verse with predominately four lines stanza’s. The language is simple and easy to understand. It doesn’t have any rhyme or rhythm, however it does use figurative language throughout the poem. For instance stanza two â€Å" ‘Cause I walk like I’ve got oil well pumping in my living room?†. Or stanza four â€Å" Shoulder falling down like teardrops. weakened by my soulful ...

Market and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market and Society - Essay Example As such, there are various forms of capitalism, which includes state capitalism, welfare capitalism and laissez-faire (Bowles 2007, p. 41). Through the historical accounts, it is said that capitalism came into existence following the fall of feudal system and this explains its dominance in the western world in the earlier times, and now. Capitalism in this regard has been applied over a period in different geographical areas that embrace different cultures with varied political approaches (Ingham 2008, p. 34). Work in the Category of Economy in the Capitalist World In this case, work also referred to as labor, should be of significance purpose to the economy; it should be able to have a positive effect on the economic status of the society. This also explains why in the capitalist countries, there have been many endeavors to manage the labor so that the efficiency of their input can be maximized in the total output that is achieved. As explained above, capitalism is driven by the amo unt of profit, which interprets that in capitalism, work should be such that it maximizes profit for the company and should be exploited as possible for making profit be realized in the maximum possible way (Merino 2010, p. 63). Labor therefore play a major role in the capitalism economy; their purpose, and viability has to be established, as this will help in quantifying the output from every department and comparing it with the cost of hiring the labor and decide whether it is economically sound. To further explain the importance of work in capitalism, reference is made to the industrial revolution when there were many people involved in the production sector. During the industrial revolution, there were several raw materials for industrial productions that were obtained from agrarian revolution that was characterized by increased production from the farms. The western countries particularly wanted to maximize the opportunity by increasing the volume of work force and the hours in which the employees would work in a day (Silk and Mark 1996, p. 53). It will also be remembered that there were rampant child labor that was incorporated into the system to supplement labor requirement. The extent with which work was considered in the industrial revolution, which happened to have been facilitated by the capitalist, explains the rationale behind the consideration of work in capitalist system. There is a strong belief that work and economy goes together and in most cases, economy is considered a function of work and this provides adequate explanation for the situation that was presented during industrial revolution in the western countries. Work Categorized as a Moral in Capitalism With the view of capitalism considering work as a fundamental part of production for the economy to be driven, there are several ways through which work has been considered. The issue of management is geared towards the satisfaction the human resource such that they can be motivated and be enthusiastic to work for more production to be realized (Reich 1991, p. 66). In the management, several incentives are availed to the employees to enhance their efficiencies in performance and the relationship between the employee and the employer is expected to be symbiotic. This can be construed from the principal goal of the management of the human resource; a complete maximum prosperity from the employer and the employee is expected to exist. The use of ‘

Sexuality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexuality - Research Paper Example But, it is impossible to correctly draw the margin that divides poor from the privileged class. People below a given line of income may be called poor. Many analysts have argued that it is impossible to adjust the poverty threshold over long periods of time using the inflation rate (Consumer Price Index) but that the poverty measure must be reformulated from scratch every so often since what is a necessity’ changes from period to period, from society to society (Hobjin, 2002). According to G. Duncan â€Å"economic conditions in early childhood clearly matter the most and that income effects are nonlinear, with the largest impact associated with increments to very low incomes†. He further states that complete schooling and no marital childbearing are related to parental income during early and middle childhood. This disadvantage suffered by the children of the poor can be overcome if they are given a compulsory education by concerning authorities. Moreover, education should be job oriented. A person could study in an elementary school and still get the right kind of education to help him with his job. The child’s potential should be evaluated and given the kind of education that is suitable to him. If the children of the poor people get the right kind of career oriented education then it will help them in the long run. The poor may not be able to support their kids for higher education. They would need them to help support the family. Hence, t he children of the poor should be given basic education that encompasses trade knowledge. This would benefit the students into becoming a better grade laborer who earns more than his peers. Every human has the right to basic education. It helps get an honest job that produces a decent income necessary to run a family.