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Is Lebanon a Fragile State Free Essays

string(94) of delicacy to strife or prompt post-struggle nations (Stewart and Brown 2005: 2). Presentation Middle Eastern country states appeared not because of normally advancing and extraordinary verifiable, social, or political procedures arriving at a nexus of union, yet rather, they developed as a sign of the delicacy of provincial force in the locale (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). We will compose a custom article test on Is Lebanon a Fragile State? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The historical backdrop of statehood in the Middle East and its foundation by pioneer powers has guaranteed that this remaining parts a delicate and flimsy area (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). After the breakdown of the Ottoman realm the state structure of Lebanon, for instance, was founded to guarantee the assurance and neighborhood authority of the Christian Maronites, who were supported by the French during the 1930s and 1940s (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). The results of this organizing can at present be felt today (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). Moreover, outer on-screen characters keep on offering help †either through outside guide or their arrangements †to certain select entertainers inside delicate state frameworks. Such a procedure of â€Å"choosing sides† just aims further insecurity and intensifies state delicacy (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). In the contemporary fierce universe of globalization and ever-expanding association across people, gatherings, worldwide associations and country expresses, the presence of feeble/delicate/bombed states is increasingly more observed as a huge concern (Iqbal Starr 2007: 2). The media, states, and universal associations have considered such to be as dangers to request and strength in the global framework (Iqbal Starr 2007: 2). Bombed states are viewed as being related with a scope of issues: financial, social, political, and military (Iqbal Starr 2007: 3). What's more, they are viewed as having a wide scope of contrary ramifications for their own kin, their neighbors, their locales, and the worldwide network; â€Å"the boss motivation behind why the world should stress over state disappointment is that it is contagious† (The Economist, refered to in Iqbal Starr 2007: 3). Is Lebanon a delicate state? Since her freedom Lebanon has battled in keeping up the troublesome equalization: a little nation in a contention zone, Christians versus Muslims, the common war, the negative impact of enormous neighbor Syria, the job of the Palestinians and the displaced person issue, the strain with Israel, the homicide of previous executive Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005 which put the political request of the nation in incredible peril, the rise of Muslim adicalism and radicalism and the ascent of Hezbollah, the disintegrating of the Christian people group and the job of the Lebanese diasporas. To address this inquiry the political request of Lebanon will be analyzed from a geo-political and interior point of view. The book Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict and Crisis, is taken as beginning stage for this paper. It is one of the books from the ‘Middle East in Focus series’, altered by Barry Rubin. The Middle East has become at the same time the world’s generally disputable, emer gency ridden, but least-got district. Taking new points of view on the zone that has experienced the most emotional changes, the Middle East in Focus arrangement looks to bring the best, most exact ability to hold up under for comprehension the area’s nations, issues, and issues. The subsequent books are intended to be adjusted, exact, and complete summaries of the two realities and investigation introduced plainly for the two specialists and the general peruser. To respond to the focal inquiry, the idea of a ‘fragile state’ will initially be investigated. In the accompanying area the socioeconomics of Lebanon will be reflected upon. The third area diagrams the Lebanese state and political framework. The fourth segment mulls over the outer impacts on the nation. The last area portrays the impacts of these different factors on the delicacy of the Lebanese political framework. 1. Conceptualization and determinants of a delicate express The Failed States Index 2010 positions Lebanon on the 34th spot. With a score of 90. 9/120 the nation is viewed as â€Å"in danger† (Foreign Policy 2011b). What does â€Å"state failure† really mean? There is no concession to what establishes delicacy and no state likes to be named as delicate by the global network (Iqbal Starr: 4, see likewise Stewart and Brown 2010). Underneath a lot of existing definitions or portrayals of the general wonder of state disappointment will be plot. It is useful to start by taking a gander at existing definitions inside the guide network. As indicated by the Fund for Peace â€Å"A express that is coming up short has a few traits. One of the most widely recognized is the loss of physical control of its region or an imposing business model on the authentic utilization of power. Different qualities of state disappointment incorporate the disintegration of real position to settle on aggregate choices, a failure to offer sensible open types of assistance, and the powerlessness to nteract with different states as a full individual from the universal network. The 12 social, monetary, political and military markers spread a wide scope of components of the danger of state disappointment, for example, broad debasement and criminal conduct, failure to gather charges or in any case draw on resident help, enormous scope automat ic disengagement of the populace, sharp financial decrease, bunch based imbalance, standardized oppression or separation, serious segment pressures, mind channel, and natural rot. States can come up short at different rates through blast, implosion, disintegration, or attack over various timespans. (International strategy 2011a). The UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) meaning of delicate states centers around administration privileges (Stewart and Brown 2005: 1-2). DfID characterizes delicate states as happening â€Å"†¦ where the legislature can't or won't convey center capacities to most of its kin, including poor people. The most significant elements of the state for destitution decrease are regional control, wellbeing and security, ability to oversee open assets, conveyance of fundamental administrations, and the capacity to ensure and bolster the manners by which the least fortunate individuals support themselves. (DfID 2005: 7). Four general clas sifications of â€Å"indicative highlights of delicate states† were given: state expert for wellbeing and security; viable political force; financial administration; regulatory ability to convey administrations (Iqball Starr: 4). Every wa sorted regarding â€Å"capacity† to give them, and the â€Å"willingness† to give them (Iqball Starr: 4). In so much, DfID unequivocally takes note of that it doesn't confine its meaning of delicacy to struggle or prompt post-strife nations (Stewart and Brown 2005: 2). You read Is Lebanon a Fragile State? in classification Article models Non-strife nations which are neglecting to guarantee administration qualifications establish delicate states under DfID’s definition; likewise, nations in struggle however which are in any case giving a worthy degree of administration privileges to most of the populace would not comprise delicate states under DfID’s definition (Stewart and Brown 2005: 2). The definition which the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) utilizes, is comparative yet goes past a government’s inability to offer extensive types of assistance and incorporates the assurance of the population’s human rights and security: ‘States are delicate when state tructures need political will as well as ability to give the fundamental capacities expected to destitution decrease, advancement and to protect the security and human privileges of their populations’ (Stewart Brown 2010: 9). At last, for the World Bank ‘fragile states’ alludes to †Å"countries confronting especially serious improvement challenges: feeble institutional limit, poor administration, and political unsteadiness. Regularly these nations experience progressing viciousness as the buildup of past extreme clash. Progressing outfitted clashes influence three out of four delicate states† (World Bank 2011). From this short survey, we can see that there are impressive zones of cover in the present utilization of the term ‘fragile states’ inside the advancement network, yet additionally contrasts of broadness and accentuation. Here, in this paper, delicate states are to be characterized as states that are falling flat, or in danger of coming up short, as for power, far reaching fundamental help arrangement, or authenticity. Authority disappointments are situations where the state comes up short on the power to shield its residents from viciousness of different sorts; administration disappointments are situations where the state neglects to guarantee that all residents approach essential administrations; authenticity disappointments happen where the state needs authenticity (Stewart Brown 2010: 10). 2. Segment difficulties One of the highlights that recognize Lebanon in the district is its social arrangement, a range of various strict minorities. (Fawaz 2009: 25). A vast larger part of the 4. million Lebanese have a place with one of three principle sectsâ€Sunni Muslims, Shi’a Muslims, and Maronite Christiansâ€with Greek Orthodox, Druze, and over twelve different gatherings involving the rest (Farha 2009: 83). Segment and political portrayals never completely covered throughout Lebanon’s history (Farha 2009: 83). Repetitive periods of confusion among segment and political perceived le verages have been a significant main thrust in all patterns of contention (Farha 2009: 83). â€Å"Lebanon’s current history has been punctuated by occasional flare-ups of fratricidal viciousness, trailed by political trade offs that recalibrated the istribution of intensity and benefit amo

Diffusion Across a Selectively Permeable Membrane

Diffusion Across a Selectively Permeable Membrane The vital activity of any living organism is determined by the vital activity of its constituent units-cells. The main structure of any cell that regulates it is the biological membrane. Possessing selective permeability, the biological membrane regulates the concentration of metabolic products, their transport and metabolism in the cells and their parts itself. The regulation of the metabolism through membranes depends, on the one hand, on the activity of the cell itself, and on the other hand, on the chemical properties of the membranes. To start from the beginning, let’s clary some questions: what name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable definition? what is the definition of membrane being selectively permeable? and how does diffusion help in transferring the material inside the cell? Definition of Diffusion Diffusion is the process of a substance spreading out from its origin. Molecules diffuse through random molecular motion which allows some substances to pass more easily than others. In science, they can be called selectively permeable membranes. The term permeability is explained as the ability of cells and tissues to absorb, secrete and transport chemicals, passing them through cell membranes, vessel walls and epithelial cells. Cells are selectively permeable, meaning that their membranes allow some substances to cross easily while others are unable to cross without assistance. Cell membranes are selectively permeable, in part because its pores are small, allowing the cell to prevent larger molecules from moving across the membrane. Living cells are always in a state of continuous exchange of chemicals with each other and the environment itself. This process of moving, interchanging and permeability is always happening, even when a system appears to have reached equilibrium, because molecules are always moving. Selectively permeable membrane However, there are some obstacles in substances being transferred through. Sometimes diffusing particles encounter regions in which the permeability is reduced, but not zero. One example of such a region is called a membrane, a thin barrier that might be made of cellulose, plastic, glass, or phospholipid; or the barrier might be a biological membrane consisting of a complex mixture of lipids and proteins. In addition, membranes alter the rate at which particles can diffuse, and they do so selectively. That is, they allow some particles to pass freely, retard the passage of others to varying degrees and completely prevent the passage of still others. Indeed, cells use a whole array of membrane proteins, called carriers and channels, to regulate (and sometimes rapidly change) the permeability of what would otherwise be an impermeable lipid bilayer. Membranes, through their selective alteration of the otherwise inexorable process of diffusion, cause a number of interesting cellular phenomena. When water can cross the membrane and dissolved particles cannot, osmosis occurs. When charged particles can cross and those with the opposite charge can not, diffusion potentials are generated. In other words, if the speed of the solutes molecule transferred through the molecule’s membrane is commensurable with the speed of the water molecules being transferred, the magnitude of such forces will be close to zero. Thus, no osmotic change in cell volume. But if the cell membrane is impenetrable for a given substance, then the osmotic change in cell volume is goes to its maximum. Of course, the speed or the rate of molecular penetration through the cell membrane depends on the size of the molecule. To conclude, living cells, like the organism as a whole, are an open system with a constant exchange of material and energy. During this exchange, the process of permeability of the substances takes place in the cell through membranes. The study of the structures and characteristics of biological membranes plays an important role in medicine, since many pathological processes in the cell are associated with a violation of membrane functions. Violation of the functions of cellular and intracellular membranes underlies irreversible cell damage and, as a consequence, the development of severe diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine system which have enormous effect on humans health.

A Study On The Pungent Odor Filled The Room - 933 Words

The pungent odor filled the room, her gauge had not been changed in about a week. This nursing home patient was suffering from a cutaneous complication due to poor management of her diabetes. Omar Staples, PA-C removed the bandages and the once fluid filled lesions had burst open and the contents were permeating both the gause and the front part of her leg. â€Å"Do you know what this is Ebony?† the first thing that came to my mind was ‘painful’ I felt a deep sense of empathy for this patient that I had once felt before when I was in undergrad volunteering as the Project Coordinator for the ‘Adopt-a-grandperson’ program. She muttered a few words but kept her face covered with her hair and her head tilted to the right side. â€Å"This is one of the complications that occurs when a patient’s diabetes is not managed properly, it is called Necrobiosis Lipoidia diabeticorum.† I quickly used phonetics to write down the condition in my noteboo k to research later, I became very interested in how this patient’s condition got to that point. â€Å"She came today by herself, she has no children, no husband, and her last living relative in the Bay Area passed away† the office Supervisor stated shaking her head in disgust. As the Project Coordinator of ‘Adopt-a-grandperson’ I worked to alleviate the loneliness among senior citizens in various nursing homes within New Orleans through games, arts crafts, and friendly conversation. Omar cleaned the patient’s wounds and entrusted me the duty of applyingShow MoreRelatedEssay Oranges by Angela1461 Words   |  6 Pages benches, and even a sink holding a washbowl and a worn enamel pitcher. A box with a curtain is used to keep pots. Each box had a label with different drawings. These labels were almost the only ornaments that were in the small room that served as the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. I liked to draw with my finger the colorful patterns – so many patterns – I remember that several were flowers – orange blossoms, of course – and poppies and orchids, but there was also a black cat and a smallRead MoreAgricultural Science Sba12288 Words   |  50 Pagesdroppings caused by nutrition and/or infectious agents can also be a cause of excessive moisture in poultry litter. If litter is not kept at an acceptable moisture level, very high bacterial loads and unsanitary growing conditions may result producing odors (including ammonia), insect problems (particularly flies), soiled feathers, footpad lesions and breast bruises or blisters. This can affect the health and mortality rate of the flock, and could result in quality issues when birds reared under suchRead MoreChemical Warfare in World War I Essay5438 Words   |  22 Pagesincredible velocity. As defense, the French fired tear gas grenades (these contained bromide vapor) on their own troops to scare the Germans and have them hesitate until the gas had dispersed. Nevertheless, the Germans were the first to seriously study chemical weapons, create and use fatal chemicals, and the first to use gas in a large scale. The second chemical warfare incident was the Germans who fired shells at the French that contained a chemical irritant that resulted in a sneezing fit in OctoberRead MoreVampire Diaries617 71 Words   |  248 Pageswhile Aunt Judith and Margaret and I were driving back from the airport, I had such a strange feeling. When we turned onto our street I suddenly thought, Mom and Dad are waiting for us at home. I bet theyll be on the front porch or in the living room looking out the window. They must have missed me so much. I know. That sounds totally crazy. But even when I saw the house and the empty front porch I still felt that way. I ran up the steps and I tried the door and knocked with the knocker. And whenRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization

Essay about The Strong Willed Queen Tomyris of the Massagetea

Most of us have not heard of one of the bravest and most important women in history. Her name was Queen Tomyris of the Massagetea. She stood in the way of the conquests of Cyrus the Great. She lost her son to Cyrus in the war. Despite that, she challenged him to another fight to keep her kingdom free. She got vengeance for her son and protected Greece from capture by Cyrus. In doing this she shaped the known world. Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire who lived around 350 BC. He was an amazing conqueror who was never satisfied with his conquests. He led a group of war-like people, the Persians, from their home in what is now Iran (Jackson, 395). In Daniel Cchapter 5 it was a Persian army that conquered the mighty†¦show more content†¦The kingdom of Massagetea was just north of Persia and Cyrus wanted to make those lands part of the Persian Empire (Herodotus, I.205). When Cyrus heard that his plan didn’t happen as expected, he was ever more determined to get the land that he built a bridge to cross over the Araxes River to fight her. Queen Tomyris told him that his efforts would be insignificant and, â€Å"Be content to rule in peace your own kingdom, and bear to see us reign over the countries that are ours to govern.† (Herodotus, I.205). Cyrus’ advisor also told him not to fight against her, but Cyrus became angry and ignored them both (Herodotus, â€Å"The History†). He tricks Queen Tomyris’ army and kidnaps her son, Spargapises (Abbott, 73). Writers are unsure if Spargapises was murdered or committed suicide, but that event must have hardened Tomyris’ heart to resist the Persians. Her son’s death must have impacted her a lot. Without her son she wouldn’t have an heir to take the throne after her. Every day she would have to wake up knowing that her child was dead. We know that she challenged Cyrus to another battle. Cyrus advanced into the kingdom of Massagetea and this time when the two armies met he could not trick the Queen. Herodotus tells us that she was victorious and that her troops slaughtered many. Even more important, Cyrus the Great himself had died in the battle. (Herodotus, I.214)

Difference To The Lives Of Children Education Essay Free Essays

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC ) creates the consciousness of the predicaments of kids in poorness, as such, issues refering to kids are given higher precedence during policies-making in international every bit good as national dockets. UNCRC sets the basic criterions for local authoritiess to supply for and to protect the kids in footings of basic demands like wellness, nutrition, instruction and other facets. It was adopted by United Nations in 1989 as a tool to protect the best involvement of the kid and to guarantee that all kids have the right of life, endurance and development. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference To The Lives Of Children Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since 1989, UNCRC has been adopted by all but two states. UNCRC and every kid affairs ( 2006 ) states that all kids have a right to life and authoritiess must guarantee that all kids survive and stay healthy. As states are obliged to do regular studies to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the province authoritiess do hold moral duties to supply for the kids. State authoritiess are besides farther required to carry through certain demands when using for AIDSs from international bureaus. One of the conditions may be to supply for and to protect kids ( UNICEF, 2005: p.30 ) . In add-on, since the bend of the century, authorities organic structures and international bureaus have focused largely on the rights of kids. Most of the UN millenary development ends is to concentrate on the realisation of the rights of kids, such as to convey kids out of poorness, rights to wellness, instruction and endurance ( UNICEF, 2005: p.8 ) . Further to UNCRC avowal on rights of instruction, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child interpret instruction to get down from birth and is aligned to the right of development of the kid. As such, much significance is given to ECEC in policies development globally. Surveies have shown intercession in early childhood may be important for the development of a kid. Early childhood instruction and attention ( ECEC ) may be referred to high quality attention for immature kids from birth. It includes educating parents to supply and care for kids in the facets of wellness, nutrition, larning and development ( Annan, 2001: p.63 ) . Harmonizing to Siraj- Blatchford ( 2009 ) , it is believed that kids who have entree to early childhood attention and instruction may do better in their hereafter development. Children from hapless background may hold equal opportunity to travel out of the poorness rhythm through early instruction as early intercessions may hold positive benefits in the long tally ( Heckman, 2006b as cited by Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Conley ‘s human capital theory, investing in immature kids will convey the greatest return to society in the hereafter. This is concurred in the human development instance as explained in Siraj-Batchford and Woodhead ( 2009 ) which states that intercession in early old ages will forestall loss of development potency in the kids. Governments and international bureaus invest in early childhood attention and instruction on the apprehension that people contribute to the state ‘s wealth. The economic benefits generated from investing in ECEC will churn greater additions in the hereafter as it will take down wellness and societal hazards, like offense rates. In return, it will better kids ‘s development which is translated to occupations accomplishments and higher worker productiveness in future ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . Another principle for early intercession in ECEC is the societal justness instance. All people should be given equal opportunities in life. Governments and international bureaus may be committed to guarantee all people have the same rights to instruction. Furthermore, it is through instruction that people learn the cardinal attitudes and values to make good ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . State authoritiess and international bureaus have their ain dockets in perpetrating to the UNCRC. However, in order for UNCRC to do a difference to kids, authorities and international bureaus must put precedences on the rights of kids when forcing for economic and societal growing. Early childhood attention and instruction must be of primary precedence as it is the kid ‘s right and non as a consequence of edifice human capital or for social-economic returns. Surveies have shown that the more effectual programmes include all facets such as wellness, nutrition and development every bit good as parental and community engagement. Arango ( 2009 ) concur active engagement from households, communities and all stakeholders are necessary to do ECEC programmes successful. This is in the instance of PROMESA in Columbia, whereby the households and communities are actively involved in the programmes. As such, UNCRC does do a difference if the international bureaus, province authoritiess, communities and households are committed to advance kid ‘s right. It may be disputing to supply quality early childhood attention and instruction to battle poorness. The relevancy of early childhood theoretical accounts, societal and cultural context, co-ordination within households, communities and authorities organic structures play an of import function in developing appropriate intercession programme to assist kids in poorness reach their full potency in mental and societal development ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . For illustration, in the instance of a developed state, like USA, one of the aims of ECEC is to enable adult females to hold equal engagement in the work force and to enable kids to larn and socialise ( Penn, 2005 ) . As early intercession to control poorness may non be the chief precedence, ECEC is left to private operators which result in inequalities in quality of programme ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . Inequality of quality and entree as private sectors tend to provide to the flush and non put up in poorer parts of the states. For illustration, in USA, ECEC is left to single suppliers so the quality of attention and instruction is variable and there is unjust entree to these services ( Penn, 2005 ) . Individual suppliers are besides more likely to put up ECEC Centres in urban countries and this may be incompatible with the authorities purpose to supply quality instruction for all kids. UNCRC may be an international jurisprudence, nevertheless, it has no legal legal power in the states which have adopted it. Furthermore, the reading of UNCRC may be affected by the cultural values of the states ( Maynard A ; Thomas, 2009 ) . As such, the quality of early childhood instruction and attention may be affected. As in the instance of Malawi, the ECEC set up in rural countries are community-based with hapless plan and unqualified staff. In add-on the stigma of AIDS maintain some of the kids ostracized and as a consequence did non go to ECEC ( Clark A ; Tucker, 2010 ) . In the twelvemonth 2000, UN millenary development ends were identified and set to be achieved by 2015. However, these ends which target chiefly the rights of the kid have non been achieved as yet. Childs are still populating in poorness and hapless wellness. Diseases such as HIV, TB and malaria is prevailing. In order for UNCRC to do a difference to kids, province authoritiess and international bureaus must be committed puting kids in first precedence. All determinations in nation-building every bit good as economic growing should be considered with the rights of kids in head. How to cite Difference To The Lives Of Children Education Essay, Essay examples

The Caste System Essays - Indian Caste System, Caste, Jti

The Caste System The institution of caste system, one of the basic pillars of the Hindu society can be considered as old as the Hindu society itself. But over the years, the institution has undergone a metamorphic change. However there is a stupendous difference between the caste system prevalent and practiced then and now. The caste system is supposed to have a divine origin and sanction behind it. The caste stratification of the Indian society had its origin in the chaturvarna system. According to the chaturvarna doctrine, the Hindu society was divided into four main varnas namely, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas and the Sudras. The Varna system which was prevalent during the Vedic period was mainly based on the division of labor and occupation. The Rigveda refers to the 'Supreme Purusha' (lord) as the creator of the four groups. The Brahmins originated from the mouth of the Lord, the Kshatriya from his arms, and the Vaishyas from the thighs and the Sudras from his feet. Each class was allotted specific functions to perform and they were rated in the society according to the task they performed. There is no evidence to show that intermarriages were prohibited in the Vedic age. As a matter of fact, up to 300 BC restrictions as to marriage for Brahmins were not at all as rigid as they became in medieval and modern times. The innumerable castes now found in the country must perhaps be the offshoot of the inter-caste marriages that had taken place. The original scheme of classes (varnas) was natural and was based on the occupation of a person rather than on birth. The system of castes which is prevalent in India today and which lays emphasis on birth and heredity has nothing in common with the four varnas based originally on race, culture, character, and profession. The spirit of exclusiveness and the sense of superiority and pride which differentiated the Aryans from non-Aryans did, however influence the division and subdivisions of people into innumerable jatis based upon difference of occupation, sect, and other causes which are now prevalent in the Indian society. When the spirit of exclusiveness and exaggerated notions of ceremonial purity which were applied to non-Aryans in connection with sacrificial ritual, were expounded systematically and extended to other groups because of the supposed impurity of certain occupations, it gave rise to untouchables, a malady peculiar to the Hindu society. The division which was initially made for the smooth functioning of the society, in due course of time, turned into a rigid and water tight compartment. In the name of caste, the society was thrown into an abysmally dark pit from where there was no respite. When India gained her independence, the caste system was at the zenith of its darkest phase. The leaders of the independent movement realized this and felt that the entire society was at stake and it eroded the credentials of the people. This aspect of the Indian society undermined the very principles of democracy. The framers of the Constitution never aspired for a country that was torn because of internal rift which was purely man made. The newly-born country continued with the democratic ideologies, a legacy which they had inherited from the British. Democracy aims to protect and promote the dignity and fundamental rights of the individuals, instill social justice, and it fosters economic and social development. In a democracy, the people are able to choose their representatives, as they have the right to participate in the political process of the country. In a democratic system, all citizens have the right to be heard. The Indian Constitution is imbibed with democratic ideals like periodic elections, rule of law, fundamental rights, directive principles, etc. The framers of the Constitution provided safeguards in the Constitution, which would treat all people at par with one another. Hence, the Preamble of the Constitution states that the people of India resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Democratic Republic and to secure for all its citizens the following objectives namely liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship, equality of status and opportunity, fraternity, asserting the dignity of the individu al and the unity of the nation. The Preamble of the Constitution states briefly the broad and