Leadership and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Is Lebanon a Fragile State Free Essays

string(94) of delicacy to strife or prompt post-struggle nations (Stewart and Brown 2005: 2). Presentation Middle Eastern country states appeared not because of normally advancing and extraordinary verifiable, social, or political procedures arriving at a nexus of union, yet rather, they developed as a sign of the delicacy of provincial force in the locale (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). We will compose a custom article test on Is Lebanon a Fragile State? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The historical backdrop of statehood in the Middle East and its foundation by pioneer powers has guaranteed that this remaining parts a delicate and flimsy area (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). After the breakdown of the Ottoman realm the state structure of Lebanon, for instance, was founded to guarantee the assurance and neighborhood authority of the Christian Maronites, who were supported by the French during the 1930s and 1940s (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). The results of this organizing can at present be felt today (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). Moreover, outer on-screen characters keep on offering help †either through outside guide or their arrangements †to certain select entertainers inside delicate state frameworks. Such a procedure of â€Å"choosing sides† just aims further insecurity and intensifies state delicacy (Zweiri a. o. 2008: 4). In the contemporary fierce universe of globalization and ever-expanding association across people, gatherings, worldwide associations and country expresses, the presence of feeble/delicate/bombed states is increasingly more observed as a huge concern (Iqbal Starr 2007: 2). The media, states, and universal associations have considered such to be as dangers to request and strength in the global framework (Iqbal Starr 2007: 2). Bombed states are viewed as being related with a scope of issues: financial, social, political, and military (Iqbal Starr 2007: 3). What's more, they are viewed as having a wide scope of contrary ramifications for their own kin, their neighbors, their locales, and the worldwide network; â€Å"the boss motivation behind why the world should stress over state disappointment is that it is contagious† (The Economist, refered to in Iqbal Starr 2007: 3). Is Lebanon a delicate state? Since her freedom Lebanon has battled in keeping up the troublesome equalization: a little nation in a contention zone, Christians versus Muslims, the common war, the negative impact of enormous neighbor Syria, the job of the Palestinians and the displaced person issue, the strain with Israel, the homicide of previous executive Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005 which put the political request of the nation in incredible peril, the rise of Muslim adicalism and radicalism and the ascent of Hezbollah, the disintegrating of the Christian people group and the job of the Lebanese diasporas. To address this inquiry the political request of Lebanon will be analyzed from a geo-political and interior point of view. The book Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict and Crisis, is taken as beginning stage for this paper. It is one of the books from the ‘Middle East in Focus series’, altered by Barry Rubin. The Middle East has become at the same time the world’s generally disputable, emer gency ridden, but least-got district. Taking new points of view on the zone that has experienced the most emotional changes, the Middle East in Focus arrangement looks to bring the best, most exact ability to hold up under for comprehension the area’s nations, issues, and issues. The subsequent books are intended to be adjusted, exact, and complete summaries of the two realities and investigation introduced plainly for the two specialists and the general peruser. To respond to the focal inquiry, the idea of a ‘fragile state’ will initially be investigated. In the accompanying area the socioeconomics of Lebanon will be reflected upon. The third area diagrams the Lebanese state and political framework. The fourth segment mulls over the outer impacts on the nation. The last area portrays the impacts of these different factors on the delicacy of the Lebanese political framework. 1. Conceptualization and determinants of a delicate express The Failed States Index 2010 positions Lebanon on the 34th spot. With a score of 90. 9/120 the nation is viewed as â€Å"in danger† (Foreign Policy 2011b). What does â€Å"state failure† really mean? There is no concession to what establishes delicacy and no state likes to be named as delicate by the global network (Iqbal Starr: 4, see likewise Stewart and Brown 2010). Underneath a lot of existing definitions or portrayals of the general wonder of state disappointment will be plot. It is useful to start by taking a gander at existing definitions inside the guide network. As indicated by the Fund for Peace â€Å"A express that is coming up short has a few traits. One of the most widely recognized is the loss of physical control of its region or an imposing business model on the authentic utilization of power. Different qualities of state disappointment incorporate the disintegration of real position to settle on aggregate choices, a failure to offer sensible open types of assistance, and the powerlessness to nteract with different states as a full individual from the universal network. The 12 social, monetary, political and military markers spread a wide scope of components of the danger of state disappointment, for example, broad debasement and criminal conduct, failure to gather charges or in any case draw on resident help, enormous scope automat ic disengagement of the populace, sharp financial decrease, bunch based imbalance, standardized oppression or separation, serious segment pressures, mind channel, and natural rot. States can come up short at different rates through blast, implosion, disintegration, or attack over various timespans. (International strategy 2011a). The UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) meaning of delicate states centers around administration privileges (Stewart and Brown 2005: 1-2). DfID characterizes delicate states as happening â€Å"†¦ where the legislature can't or won't convey center capacities to most of its kin, including poor people. The most significant elements of the state for destitution decrease are regional control, wellbeing and security, ability to oversee open assets, conveyance of fundamental administrations, and the capacity to ensure and bolster the manners by which the least fortunate individuals support themselves. (DfID 2005: 7). Four general clas sifications of â€Å"indicative highlights of delicate states† were given: state expert for wellbeing and security; viable political force; financial administration; regulatory ability to convey administrations (Iqball Starr: 4). Every wa sorted regarding â€Å"capacity† to give them, and the â€Å"willingness† to give them (Iqball Starr: 4). In so much, DfID unequivocally takes note of that it doesn't confine its meaning of delicacy to struggle or prompt post-strife nations (Stewart and Brown 2005: 2). You read Is Lebanon a Fragile State? in classification Article models Non-strife nations which are neglecting to guarantee administration qualifications establish delicate states under DfID’s definition; likewise, nations in struggle however which are in any case giving a worthy degree of administration privileges to most of the populace would not comprise delicate states under DfID’s definition (Stewart and Brown 2005: 2). The definition which the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) utilizes, is comparative yet goes past a government’s inability to offer extensive types of assistance and incorporates the assurance of the population’s human rights and security: ‘States are delicate when state tructures need political will as well as ability to give the fundamental capacities expected to destitution decrease, advancement and to protect the security and human privileges of their populations’ (Stewart Brown 2010: 9). At last, for the World Bank ‘fragile states’ alludes to †Å"countries confronting especially serious improvement challenges: feeble institutional limit, poor administration, and political unsteadiness. Regularly these nations experience progressing viciousness as the buildup of past extreme clash. Progressing outfitted clashes influence three out of four delicate states† (World Bank 2011). From this short survey, we can see that there are impressive zones of cover in the present utilization of the term ‘fragile states’ inside the advancement network, yet additionally contrasts of broadness and accentuation. Here, in this paper, delicate states are to be characterized as states that are falling flat, or in danger of coming up short, as for power, far reaching fundamental help arrangement, or authenticity. Authority disappointments are situations where the state comes up short on the power to shield its residents from viciousness of different sorts; administration disappointments are situations where the state neglects to guarantee that all residents approach essential administrations; authenticity disappointments happen where the state needs authenticity (Stewart Brown 2010: 10). 2. Segment difficulties One of the highlights that recognize Lebanon in the district is its social arrangement, a range of various strict minorities. (Fawaz 2009: 25). A vast larger part of the 4. million Lebanese have a place with one of three principle sectsâ€Sunni Muslims, Shi’a Muslims, and Maronite Christiansâ€with Greek Orthodox, Druze, and over twelve different gatherings involving the rest (Farha 2009: 83). Segment and political portrayals never completely covered throughout Lebanon’s history (Farha 2009: 83). Repetitive periods of confusion among segment and political perceived le verages have been a significant main thrust in all patterns of contention (Farha 2009: 83). â€Å"Lebanon’s current history has been punctuated by occasional flare-ups of fratricidal viciousness, trailed by political trade offs that recalibrated the istribution of intensity and benefit amo

Diffusion Across a Selectively Permeable Membrane

Diffusion Across a Selectively Permeable Membrane The vital activity of any living organism is determined by the vital activity of its constituent units-cells. The main structure of any cell that regulates it is the biological membrane. Possessing selective permeability, the biological membrane regulates the concentration of metabolic products, their transport and metabolism in the cells and their parts itself. The regulation of the metabolism through membranes depends, on the one hand, on the activity of the cell itself, and on the other hand, on the chemical properties of the membranes. To start from the beginning, let’s clary some questions: what name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable definition? what is the definition of membrane being selectively permeable? and how does diffusion help in transferring the material inside the cell? Definition of Diffusion Diffusion is the process of a substance spreading out from its origin. Molecules diffuse through random molecular motion which allows some substances to pass more easily than others. In science, they can be called selectively permeable membranes. The term permeability is explained as the ability of cells and tissues to absorb, secrete and transport chemicals, passing them through cell membranes, vessel walls and epithelial cells. Cells are selectively permeable, meaning that their membranes allow some substances to cross easily while others are unable to cross without assistance. Cell membranes are selectively permeable, in part because its pores are small, allowing the cell to prevent larger molecules from moving across the membrane. Living cells are always in a state of continuous exchange of chemicals with each other and the environment itself. This process of moving, interchanging and permeability is always happening, even when a system appears to have reached equilibrium, because molecules are always moving. Selectively permeable membrane However, there are some obstacles in substances being transferred through. Sometimes diffusing particles encounter regions in which the permeability is reduced, but not zero. One example of such a region is called a membrane, a thin barrier that might be made of cellulose, plastic, glass, or phospholipid; or the barrier might be a biological membrane consisting of a complex mixture of lipids and proteins. In addition, membranes alter the rate at which particles can diffuse, and they do so selectively. That is, they allow some particles to pass freely, retard the passage of others to varying degrees and completely prevent the passage of still others. Indeed, cells use a whole array of membrane proteins, called carriers and channels, to regulate (and sometimes rapidly change) the permeability of what would otherwise be an impermeable lipid bilayer. Membranes, through their selective alteration of the otherwise inexorable process of diffusion, cause a number of interesting cellular phenomena. When water can cross the membrane and dissolved particles cannot, osmosis occurs. When charged particles can cross and those with the opposite charge can not, diffusion potentials are generated. In other words, if the speed of the solutes molecule transferred through the molecule’s membrane is commensurable with the speed of the water molecules being transferred, the magnitude of such forces will be close to zero. Thus, no osmotic change in cell volume. But if the cell membrane is impenetrable for a given substance, then the osmotic change in cell volume is goes to its maximum. Of course, the speed or the rate of molecular penetration through the cell membrane depends on the size of the molecule. To conclude, living cells, like the organism as a whole, are an open system with a constant exchange of material and energy. During this exchange, the process of permeability of the substances takes place in the cell through membranes. The study of the structures and characteristics of biological membranes plays an important role in medicine, since many pathological processes in the cell are associated with a violation of membrane functions. Violation of the functions of cellular and intracellular membranes underlies irreversible cell damage and, as a consequence, the development of severe diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine system which have enormous effect on humans health.

A Study On The Pungent Odor Filled The Room - 933 Words

The pungent odor filled the room, her gauge had not been changed in about a week. This nursing home patient was suffering from a cutaneous complication due to poor management of her diabetes. Omar Staples, PA-C removed the bandages and the once fluid filled lesions had burst open and the contents were permeating both the gause and the front part of her leg. â€Å"Do you know what this is Ebony?† the first thing that came to my mind was ‘painful’ I felt a deep sense of empathy for this patient that I had once felt before when I was in undergrad volunteering as the Project Coordinator for the ‘Adopt-a-grandperson’ program. She muttered a few words but kept her face covered with her hair and her head tilted to the right side. â€Å"This is one of the complications that occurs when a patient’s diabetes is not managed properly, it is called Necrobiosis Lipoidia diabeticorum.† I quickly used phonetics to write down the condition in my noteboo k to research later, I became very interested in how this patient’s condition got to that point. â€Å"She came today by herself, she has no children, no husband, and her last living relative in the Bay Area passed away† the office Supervisor stated shaking her head in disgust. As the Project Coordinator of ‘Adopt-a-grandperson’ I worked to alleviate the loneliness among senior citizens in various nursing homes within New Orleans through games, arts crafts, and friendly conversation. Omar cleaned the patient’s wounds and entrusted me the duty of applyingShow MoreRelatedEssay Oranges by Angela1461 Words   |  6 Pages benches, and even a sink holding a washbowl and a worn enamel pitcher. A box with a curtain is used to keep pots. Each box had a label with different drawings. These labels were almost the only ornaments that were in the small room that served as the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. I liked to draw with my finger the colorful patterns – so many patterns – I remember that several were flowers – orange blossoms, of course – and poppies and orchids, but there was also a black cat and a smallRead MoreAgricultural Science Sba12288 Words   |  50 Pagesdroppings caused by nutrition and/or infectious agents can also be a cause of excessive moisture in poultry litter. If litter is not kept at an acceptable moisture level, very high bacterial loads and unsanitary growing conditions may result producing odors (including ammonia), insect problems (particularly flies), soiled feathers, footpad lesions and breast bruises or blisters. This can affect the health and mortality rate of the flock, and could result in quality issues when birds reared under suchRead MoreChemical Warfare in World War I Essay5438 Words   |  22 Pagesincredible velocity. As defense, the French fired tear gas grenades (these contained bromide vapor) on their own troops to scare the Germans and have them hesitate until the gas had dispersed. Nevertheless, the Germans were the first to seriously study chemical weapons, create and use fatal chemicals, and the first to use gas in a large scale. The second chemical warfare incident was the Germans who fired shells at the French that contained a chemical irritant that resulted in a sneezing fit in OctoberRead MoreVampire Diaries617 71 Words   |  248 Pageswhile Aunt Judith and Margaret and I were driving back from the airport, I had such a strange feeling. When we turned onto our street I suddenly thought, Mom and Dad are waiting for us at home. I bet theyll be on the front porch or in the living room looking out the window. They must have missed me so much. I know. That sounds totally crazy. But even when I saw the house and the empty front porch I still felt that way. I ran up the steps and I tried the door and knocked with the knocker. And whenRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization

Essay about The Strong Willed Queen Tomyris of the Massagetea

Most of us have not heard of one of the bravest and most important women in history. Her name was Queen Tomyris of the Massagetea. She stood in the way of the conquests of Cyrus the Great. She lost her son to Cyrus in the war. Despite that, she challenged him to another fight to keep her kingdom free. She got vengeance for her son and protected Greece from capture by Cyrus. In doing this she shaped the known world. Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire who lived around 350 BC. He was an amazing conqueror who was never satisfied with his conquests. He led a group of war-like people, the Persians, from their home in what is now Iran (Jackson, 395). In Daniel Cchapter 5 it was a Persian army that conquered the mighty†¦show more content†¦The kingdom of Massagetea was just north of Persia and Cyrus wanted to make those lands part of the Persian Empire (Herodotus, I.205). When Cyrus heard that his plan didn’t happen as expected, he was ever more determined to get the land that he built a bridge to cross over the Araxes River to fight her. Queen Tomyris told him that his efforts would be insignificant and, â€Å"Be content to rule in peace your own kingdom, and bear to see us reign over the countries that are ours to govern.† (Herodotus, I.205). Cyrus’ advisor also told him not to fight against her, but Cyrus became angry and ignored them both (Herodotus, â€Å"The History†). He tricks Queen Tomyris’ army and kidnaps her son, Spargapises (Abbott, 73). Writers are unsure if Spargapises was murdered or committed suicide, but that event must have hardened Tomyris’ heart to resist the Persians. Her son’s death must have impacted her a lot. Without her son she wouldn’t have an heir to take the throne after her. Every day she would have to wake up knowing that her child was dead. We know that she challenged Cyrus to another battle. Cyrus advanced into the kingdom of Massagetea and this time when the two armies met he could not trick the Queen. Herodotus tells us that she was victorious and that her troops slaughtered many. Even more important, Cyrus the Great himself had died in the battle. (Herodotus, I.214)

Difference To The Lives Of Children Education Essay Free Essays

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC ) creates the consciousness of the predicaments of kids in poorness, as such, issues refering to kids are given higher precedence during policies-making in international every bit good as national dockets. UNCRC sets the basic criterions for local authoritiess to supply for and to protect the kids in footings of basic demands like wellness, nutrition, instruction and other facets. It was adopted by United Nations in 1989 as a tool to protect the best involvement of the kid and to guarantee that all kids have the right of life, endurance and development. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference To The Lives Of Children Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since 1989, UNCRC has been adopted by all but two states. UNCRC and every kid affairs ( 2006 ) states that all kids have a right to life and authoritiess must guarantee that all kids survive and stay healthy. As states are obliged to do regular studies to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the province authoritiess do hold moral duties to supply for the kids. State authoritiess are besides farther required to carry through certain demands when using for AIDSs from international bureaus. One of the conditions may be to supply for and to protect kids ( UNICEF, 2005: p.30 ) . In add-on, since the bend of the century, authorities organic structures and international bureaus have focused largely on the rights of kids. Most of the UN millenary development ends is to concentrate on the realisation of the rights of kids, such as to convey kids out of poorness, rights to wellness, instruction and endurance ( UNICEF, 2005: p.8 ) . Further to UNCRC avowal on rights of instruction, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child interpret instruction to get down from birth and is aligned to the right of development of the kid. As such, much significance is given to ECEC in policies development globally. Surveies have shown intercession in early childhood may be important for the development of a kid. Early childhood instruction and attention ( ECEC ) may be referred to high quality attention for immature kids from birth. It includes educating parents to supply and care for kids in the facets of wellness, nutrition, larning and development ( Annan, 2001: p.63 ) . Harmonizing to Siraj- Blatchford ( 2009 ) , it is believed that kids who have entree to early childhood attention and instruction may do better in their hereafter development. Children from hapless background may hold equal opportunity to travel out of the poorness rhythm through early instruction as early intercessions may hold positive benefits in the long tally ( Heckman, 2006b as cited by Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Conley ‘s human capital theory, investing in immature kids will convey the greatest return to society in the hereafter. This is concurred in the human development instance as explained in Siraj-Batchford and Woodhead ( 2009 ) which states that intercession in early old ages will forestall loss of development potency in the kids. Governments and international bureaus invest in early childhood attention and instruction on the apprehension that people contribute to the state ‘s wealth. The economic benefits generated from investing in ECEC will churn greater additions in the hereafter as it will take down wellness and societal hazards, like offense rates. In return, it will better kids ‘s development which is translated to occupations accomplishments and higher worker productiveness in future ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . Another principle for early intercession in ECEC is the societal justness instance. All people should be given equal opportunities in life. Governments and international bureaus may be committed to guarantee all people have the same rights to instruction. Furthermore, it is through instruction that people learn the cardinal attitudes and values to make good ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . State authoritiess and international bureaus have their ain dockets in perpetrating to the UNCRC. However, in order for UNCRC to do a difference to kids, authorities and international bureaus must put precedences on the rights of kids when forcing for economic and societal growing. Early childhood attention and instruction must be of primary precedence as it is the kid ‘s right and non as a consequence of edifice human capital or for social-economic returns. Surveies have shown that the more effectual programmes include all facets such as wellness, nutrition and development every bit good as parental and community engagement. Arango ( 2009 ) concur active engagement from households, communities and all stakeholders are necessary to do ECEC programmes successful. This is in the instance of PROMESA in Columbia, whereby the households and communities are actively involved in the programmes. As such, UNCRC does do a difference if the international bureaus, province authoritiess, communities and households are committed to advance kid ‘s right. It may be disputing to supply quality early childhood attention and instruction to battle poorness. The relevancy of early childhood theoretical accounts, societal and cultural context, co-ordination within households, communities and authorities organic structures play an of import function in developing appropriate intercession programme to assist kids in poorness reach their full potency in mental and societal development ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . For illustration, in the instance of a developed state, like USA, one of the aims of ECEC is to enable adult females to hold equal engagement in the work force and to enable kids to larn and socialise ( Penn, 2005 ) . As early intercession to control poorness may non be the chief precedence, ECEC is left to private operators which result in inequalities in quality of programme ( Siraj-Blatchford A ; Woodhead, 2009 ) . Inequality of quality and entree as private sectors tend to provide to the flush and non put up in poorer parts of the states. For illustration, in USA, ECEC is left to single suppliers so the quality of attention and instruction is variable and there is unjust entree to these services ( Penn, 2005 ) . Individual suppliers are besides more likely to put up ECEC Centres in urban countries and this may be incompatible with the authorities purpose to supply quality instruction for all kids. UNCRC may be an international jurisprudence, nevertheless, it has no legal legal power in the states which have adopted it. Furthermore, the reading of UNCRC may be affected by the cultural values of the states ( Maynard A ; Thomas, 2009 ) . As such, the quality of early childhood instruction and attention may be affected. As in the instance of Malawi, the ECEC set up in rural countries are community-based with hapless plan and unqualified staff. In add-on the stigma of AIDS maintain some of the kids ostracized and as a consequence did non go to ECEC ( Clark A ; Tucker, 2010 ) . In the twelvemonth 2000, UN millenary development ends were identified and set to be achieved by 2015. However, these ends which target chiefly the rights of the kid have non been achieved as yet. Childs are still populating in poorness and hapless wellness. Diseases such as HIV, TB and malaria is prevailing. In order for UNCRC to do a difference to kids, province authoritiess and international bureaus must be committed puting kids in first precedence. All determinations in nation-building every bit good as economic growing should be considered with the rights of kids in head. How to cite Difference To The Lives Of Children Education Essay, Essay examples

The Caste System Essays - Indian Caste System, Caste, Jti

The Caste System The institution of caste system, one of the basic pillars of the Hindu society can be considered as old as the Hindu society itself. But over the years, the institution has undergone a metamorphic change. However there is a stupendous difference between the caste system prevalent and practiced then and now. The caste system is supposed to have a divine origin and sanction behind it. The caste stratification of the Indian society had its origin in the chaturvarna system. According to the chaturvarna doctrine, the Hindu society was divided into four main varnas namely, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas and the Sudras. The Varna system which was prevalent during the Vedic period was mainly based on the division of labor and occupation. The Rigveda refers to the 'Supreme Purusha' (lord) as the creator of the four groups. The Brahmins originated from the mouth of the Lord, the Kshatriya from his arms, and the Vaishyas from the thighs and the Sudras from his feet. Each class was allotted specific functions to perform and they were rated in the society according to the task they performed. There is no evidence to show that intermarriages were prohibited in the Vedic age. As a matter of fact, up to 300 BC restrictions as to marriage for Brahmins were not at all as rigid as they became in medieval and modern times. The innumerable castes now found in the country must perhaps be the offshoot of the inter-caste marriages that had taken place. The original scheme of classes (varnas) was natural and was based on the occupation of a person rather than on birth. The system of castes which is prevalent in India today and which lays emphasis on birth and heredity has nothing in common with the four varnas based originally on race, culture, character, and profession. The spirit of exclusiveness and the sense of superiority and pride which differentiated the Aryans from non-Aryans did, however influence the division and subdivisions of people into innumerable jatis based upon difference of occupation, sect, and other causes which are now prevalent in the Indian society. When the spirit of exclusiveness and exaggerated notions of ceremonial purity which were applied to non-Aryans in connection with sacrificial ritual, were expounded systematically and extended to other groups because of the supposed impurity of certain occupations, it gave rise to untouchables, a malady peculiar to the Hindu society. The division which was initially made for the smooth functioning of the society, in due course of time, turned into a rigid and water tight compartment. In the name of caste, the society was thrown into an abysmally dark pit from where there was no respite. When India gained her independence, the caste system was at the zenith of its darkest phase. The leaders of the independent movement realized this and felt that the entire society was at stake and it eroded the credentials of the people. This aspect of the Indian society undermined the very principles of democracy. The framers of the Constitution never aspired for a country that was torn because of internal rift which was purely man made. The newly-born country continued with the democratic ideologies, a legacy which they had inherited from the British. Democracy aims to protect and promote the dignity and fundamental rights of the individuals, instill social justice, and it fosters economic and social development. In a democracy, the people are able to choose their representatives, as they have the right to participate in the political process of the country. In a democratic system, all citizens have the right to be heard. The Indian Constitution is imbibed with democratic ideals like periodic elections, rule of law, fundamental rights, directive principles, etc. The framers of the Constitution provided safeguards in the Constitution, which would treat all people at par with one another. Hence, the Preamble of the Constitution states that the people of India resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Democratic Republic and to secure for all its citizens the following objectives namely liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship, equality of status and opportunity, fraternity, asserting the dignity of the individu al and the unity of the nation. The Preamble of the Constitution states briefly the broad and

Guggenheim Bilbao essays

Guggenheim Bilbao essays Phillip Johnson, the dean of American architects called Guggenheim Museum Bilbao the greatest building of our century. Designed by Frank O. Gehry, this sprawling, organic plan resembles a living organism, like some gigantic metallic flower growing along the bank of a river. This unique Museum built on a 32,500 square meter site in the center of Bilbao represents an amazing construction feat. On one side it runs down to the waterside of the Nervin River, 16 meters below the level of the rest of the city of Bilbao. One end is pierced through by the huge Puente de La Salve, one of the main access routes into the city. It is a truly divine architectural achievement of the century. Concepts of architecture for arts sake, todays museum buildings are not only storage for art pieces, but the building itself is an element of art. The choice of Bilbao as the venue for one of the Guggenheim European centers is best understood in the context of the initiatives implemented by the Basque authorities as a contribution to the process of revitalizing the Basque Country's recession-plagued economic structure. These initiatives were also seen as a means of increasing the chances of the city's metropolitan area becoming the major reference point for European regions on the Atlantic seaboard The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is one of the most important ingredients in the plan to redevelop the city of Bilbao. The plan, involving a number of major projects conceived by some of the world's most prestigious architects, includes the work now in progress to increase operational capacity at the city's port, the restoring of the city's airport, a mission entrusted to Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, a new Conference and Performing Arts Center, designed by Federico Soriano, the construction of a metropolitan railway - much of it underground - designed by Sir Norman Foster, and a new footbridge crossing the river a...

Crime Justice and Criminals Vocabulary

Crime Justice and Criminals Vocabulary These words are used when talking about crime and criminals. Each word is placed in a related category and defined. Crime Types Assault: To hit/injure someone physically. Blackmail: To threaten to reveal incriminating materials if someone doesnt do something. Burglary: To steal or break into a home or car, etc. Fraud: A deception intended to result in financial or personal gain. Hijacking: Unlawfully seizing an aircraft, vehicle, or ship while in transit Hooliganism: Volent or rowdy behavior that occurs (typically) in crowds or gangs. Kidnapping: The act of abducting someone and holding them captive. Mugging: The act of attacking and robbing someone in a public place. Criminal Terms Mugger: A person who attacks and robs another in a public place. Murderer: A person who kills another person. Robber: A person who steals from another person. Shoplifter: A person who steals from a store. Smuggler: A person who imports/exports prohibited goods. Terrorist: A person who uses unlawful violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. Thief: A person who steals. Vandal: A person who defaces property of another person. Justice System Terms Appeal: Asking for a reversal of the decision of a court. Barrister: A British term for a lawyer. Caution: Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes. Cell: An area considered a living space for inmates within a prison. Community service: Voluntary work intended to help people in a particular area. Court: Place where cases and legal matters are conducted. Court case: A dispute between two parties that is decided in a court of law. Death penalty: The punishment of execution. Defense: The case presented by or on behalf of the party being accused. Fine: The payment of money for being caught. Gaol, jail: The place where accused persons and criminals are held. Guilty: Found responsible for wrongdoing or an unlawful act. Imprisonment: The state of being imprisoned. Innocent: Not being guilty of a crime. Judge: An official appointed to decide cases in a court of law. Jury: A group of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted in court. Justice: A judge or magistrate, or, the quality of fairness. Lawyer: Someone who practices or studies law. Offense: A breach of law/illegal act. Sentence: Length of time a prisoner is imprisoned. Prison: A building where people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed or while awaiting trial. Probation: The release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behavior under supervision. Prosecution: The legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge. Punishment: The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense. Capital punishment: The legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime. Corporal punishment: Physical punishment, such as caning or flogging. Remand home: Detention/reform school for juvenile offenders. Solicitor: An officer having charge of a legal business. Trial: A formal examination of evidence before a judge and/or jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings. Verdict: The legally binding decision on a case. Witness: A person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place. Crime Verbs Arrest: To take someone into custody legally. Ban: To forbid or limit something. Break-in: To enter somewhere without consent or by force. Break-out: To leave somewhere without consent or by force. Break the law: To go against the law. Burgle: To enter (a building) illegally with the intent to commit theft. Charge: To accuse someone of an illegal act. Commit a crime: To do something illegal. Escape: To break free from confinement or control. Getaway: An escape or quick departure, especially after committing a crime. Get away with: To avoid prosecution for a criminal act. Hold up: To point a weapon at someone to make them give them money or a valuable good. Investigate: To look deeper into a matter and gather information about what happened. Rob: To take something forcefully from someone unwilling. Steal: To take (another persons property) without permission or legal right and without intending to return it. Other Crime-Related Words Alibi: A story given to explain that one was not near the location of a crime. Armed: To be in the possession of a firearm (gun). Burglar: Someone who steals from others, a thief. Car alarm: An alarm on a motor vehicle. Alarm: Loud noise meant to draw attention when disturbed. Legal: Pertaining to the law, on the right side of the law, allowed. Illegal: Against the law, criminal. Store detective: Someone who watches over a store to make sure people dont steal from it. Private detective: Someone who is hired to investigate a matter. Weapon: Something designed or used for inflicting bodily harm or physical damage.

Digital Marketing in the Healthcare Industry Research Paper

Digital Marketing in the Healthcare Industry - Research Paper Example Through the system, the number of patients served per day increases and the space required to store all the data concerning the patients becomes minimal. Thus, there is increased workflow and improved productivity in the health sector. The system replaces paper records that are usually incomplete; some parts usually found in different places thus being fragmented and hard to find and read (Cavalieri and Rupp 22). The accuracy and efficiency of the health sector also improve the systems results in improved results management and the care of the patients with reduced margins of error within the medical care practice. There is also a reduction in the production cost such as overtime expenses for labor and the costs of transcription. For this reason, this automatically results in an increase in the acceptance of the system in the health sector. EMR also leads to the development of customizable and scalable records that are in a position to grow with time. The advancement of e- prescribing and documentation of the clinical records leads to improved practice in the health care system. There also results from an enhancement in the ability to more efficiently and accurately process the patients bills. The ultimate goal of having an EMR within a given hospital, is to make patients data available to anyone who needs it, where and when they need it. With the system in place, patients lab results can be obtained with much ease compared with the paper system, and this will lead to saving a lot of time and money. The system provides data that is always ready for analysis, audit, quality assurance and research and disease surveillance for continuing medical education (Cavalieri and Rupp 36). In conclusion, the emergence of the EMR into medical systems is expected to decrease medical errors, reduce health care costs and influence peoples decision in selecting their

Human Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources - Assignment Example Personnel management department is part of the organization that deals with recruitment and development of employees so that they become productive in the organization. Personnel management is concerned with the affairs of the human resources of the organization.  It advises the management on matters concerning the human resources from the beginning of the recruitment program to the end of employment contract. Personnel management department plays a significant role of assisting the management in handling all the affairs of the human resource in the organization. A personnel manager act as spokes man of the human resources since he has personal contact with the employees and managers. Personnel management office is the link between the human resources, and the management thereby ensuring there is harmonious interaction and communication between the two. It is the counseling department of all human resource problems in an organization. The office devices solutions to human resource problems and guide them on what measures to put in place (Patel, 2007, p. 46) Human resource management is the department that is concerned with management of the affairs of the human resources in the organization. Functions of the human resource management department It set out the rules and regulations that govern the human resources within the organization. It is responsible with the reward systems of the organization. They ensure that the employees are rewarded in accordance with the set standards and their productivity. This is to ensure that the organization does not exploit the human resources. It organizes training and development activities for the human resources to ensure that they improve their productivity. The department ensures that the organization is compliant with employment and labor laws set out by various organs. The department ensures that the human resources operate in safe working conditions by providing them with safety working facilities (Levine, 1987, p.25 ). Differences between human resource and personnel management Hrm advocates for decentralization of power from the top management to the employees while personnel management advocates for full authority in the top management during decision making. Personnel management employees human resources based on a written agreement that is a short term. This contract is so compact and does not give room for changes or modifications. On the contrary, hrm advocates for a long term employment where the working conditions are less rigid and can be amended regularly to accommodate the interests of all parties involved.

Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes Essay -- Essays Papers

Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes is a powerful and emotional memoir of his life from childhood through early adulthood. This book is a wonderfully inspired piece of work that emotionally attaches the reader through McCourt’s life experiences. Its effectiveness is primarily due to McCourt’s evolving ‘innocent-eye’ narrative technique. He allows the reader to experience his own life in a changeable form. Through this unique story telling technique, the reader is able to watch Frank grow and evolve. Between the ages of four, eleven and fourteen changes in his writing can be easily identified. It is evident that the written text, McCourt’s thoughts, and the resultant relationship with the reader evolve and become more complex during this part of his life. When describing his experiences at the age of four, McCourt's writing style is very much like a story told from a child’s perspective. He uses simple dialogue and a ‘tell it like it is’ approach: â€Å"We’re on the seesaw. Up, down, updown. Malachy goes up. I get off. Malachy goes down. Seesaw hits ground† (19). At this point, he demonstrated a basic, staccato-like sentence structure. McCourt presents information as if heard and interpreted by a child. On page38 Mrs. Leibowitz, a kind neighbour who lives in the same building as the McCourt family, says, â€Å"Nice Chewish name, have apiece of cake, eh? Why they give you a Chewish name, eh?† The reader knows that the word Jewish is spelled as it is heard and that this is typical of child interpretations. Just as simple dialogue is used throughout the book, so are simple pattern thoughts. Children have a tangible stream of consciousness and often have a tendency to change subject matter quickly throughout a conversation: â€Å"They have their tea†¦uncle Pa Keating, who is my uncle because he’s married to my aunt Aggie, picks up Eugene† (87). The reader already knows from previous information that Pa Keating is the children’s uncle. Just as children often incorporate needless information into a conversation, McCourt does the same in his writing. The reader acquires an image that a real conversation is taking place. Frank McCourt also shows the reader, through examples such as on page 16, that his thoughts as a child are quite simple. He tries to describe the anger he feels by stating â€Å"a blackness comes over me.† Because of his age, he... ...scriptive and has an involved sentence structure characteristic of a mature writer. His thoughts and his feelings are deeply profound. The relationship with the reader has changed extremely and is quite noticeable. In the beginning and parts of the middle of this book, the reader is ‘shown’, not described, a scenario where the result is often left to be interpreted. This is not so at the end of his memoir. Frank McCourt, instead of using a ‘show and tell’ narrative method, which applies in the beginning, is in a didactic mode where he explains everything in detail and there is nothing left for the reader to interpret. To conclude, there is an evolved Frank evidently noticed from the start through to the end. As Frank McCourt grows and develops into an adult, so too does his writing. The written text, thoughts and the relationship with the reader indeed evolves and becomes more complex as Frank matures. Examples taken from the ages of four, eleven and fourteen show these noticeable differences. Through an evolving ‘innocent-eye’ narrative technique McCourt is able to establish a powerful emotion connection with the reader. Bibliography: Frank McCourt. Angela's Ashes

Personal Statement: Graduate school program in teaching at the secondary level Essay

I believe I am more than qualified to be admitted to the secondary education program of the Graduate school as I possess the needed knowledge, talents, skills, and most of all, attitude that would help me become successful in my profession. I firmly believe that teaching is the right career for me because I find joy in seeing people, particularly the youth, grow using the lessons and values I have taught them. For me, one of the greatest pleasures in life is to see my students transform into intellectual, highly-versatile, and law-abiding citizens who would make an impact on their respective careers and who would contribute greatly to society in general. Moreover, I am the type of person who adapts very well to pressure and difficulties. It is a well-known fact that secondary level students are very challenging to educate as they are very diverse in terms of attitude, emotions, and intellect, among others. I am more than willing and capable to meet those challenges and insurmountable obstacles that would come along my way just as long as I am able to teach my students and help them reach their dreams, what ever they may be. Most of all, I basically find enthusiasm in teaching. I believe that the knowledge, skills, and information I have acquired over the years would be useless unless I share them with others. In this regard, I realize that the best way to share what I know is through teaching which is why I am pursuing a post-graduate degree because I want to be a highly-effective teacher to my students. In short, my capabilities, my various skills, and most of all, my attitude and passion towards teaching would no doubt allow me to make an impact on my students and to equip them with all the tools and lessons they need to survive in the real world. Once accepted, I will work hard and do my best to become a well-rounded and highly adept educator who would provide students with the quality education they deserve.

Destructive Love in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon Essays

Destructive Love in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon When an emotion is believed to embody all that brings bliss, serenity, effervescence, and even benevolence, although one may believe its encompassing nature to allow for generalizations and existence virtually everywhere, surprisingly, directly outside the area love covers lies the very antithesis of love: hate, which in all its forms, has the potential to bring pain and destruction. Is it not for this very reason, this confusion, that suicide bombings and other acts of violence and devastation are committedÂ…in the name of love? In Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon, the reader experiences this tenuity that is the line separating love and hate in many different forms and on many†¦show more content†¦Morrison includes much intimation to prove that Ruth lacks true love: she is unable to perform basic domestic tasks such as cooking, suggesting that she cannot adequately provide for her family at even the most quintessential level of what woman during that time were expected to provide. When Macon found Ruth with [Dr. Fosters] fingers in her mouth, the love that Ruth had for Dr. Foster has evidently become destructive as it not only estranges her from Macon and the rest of the family, but also forces her to live an impersonal, emotionless life (73). Although at the onset of the novel, she attempts to rekindle these emotions not through Macon who utterly refuses to please her, but through her own son Milkman, a gross exploitation of filial love: His mother had been portrayed not as a mother who simply adored her only son, but as an obscene child playing dirty games with whatever male was nearÂâ€"be it her father or her son (79). It seems, however, that her willingness to emotionally satisfy herself finally comes to an end when Freddie blatantly points out her misjudgment of breastfeeding Milkman who is twelve years old at the time. Thus, instead of looking for emotion, she learns to take comfort in the emotionless, the inanimate such as the goldfish, rhod odendron, and other flowers she constantly surrounds herself with. And to simply remind herself that she exists as an animate beingShow MoreRelated Essay on Identity in Song of Solomon2147 Words   |  9 PagesSearching for Identity in Song of Solomon      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: Whether Africans really fly or just escape a monumental burden, perhaps only through death, is a decision Toni Morrison has apparently left to her readers. Never the less, no matter what you believe, within Song of Solomon, the suggestion is, that in order to fly you must go back to the beginning, back to your roots. You must learn the art from the old messages.    O Sugarman done fly away Sugarman done gone SugarmanRead More Definitions of Self in Community in Morrisons Sula and Song of Solomon6961 Words   |  28 PagesDefinitions of Self In Community in Sula and Song of Solomon        Ã‚  Ã‚   In that place, where they tore the nightshade and blackberry patches from their roots to make room for the Medallion City Golf Course, there once was a neighborhood (Sula 1). Toni Morrison begins the novel Sula with these powerful words, describing more than a physical place, but a spiritual place where a community once stood. She begins with the destruction of the community, ultimately beginning at the end because her novelRead MoreAnalysis Of Milkman In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1606 Words   |  7 Pages In Chapter 12 of Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, Milkman makes an offhand comment on the children playing the game depicting his family’s history, reporting: â€Å"The boy in the middle†¦ (it seemed always to be a boy) spun around with his eyes closed†¦ pointing† (Morrison 299). Like the boy at the center of the circle, Milkman blindly points his attention and â€Å"hog’s gut† in the direction of the women around him, causing them nothing but pain (216). His behavior is symptomatic of the possessive masculinityRead MoreToni Morrison and Historical Memory5014 Words   |  21 PagesNational amnesia of minority history cannot be tolerated. Toni Morrison is a minority writer has risen to the challenge of preventing national amnesia through educating African-Americans by remembering their past and rewriting their history. In her trilogy, Beloved, Jazz and Paradise, and in her other works, Morrison has succeeded in creating literature for African-Americans that enables them to remember their history from slavery to the present. Toni Morrison has been called Americas national authorRead MoreEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words   |  12 PagesBook Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to â€Å"fly† from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love with Pilate’s

How to Use Parentheses in Writing

The parenthesis is a  punctuation  mark, which is written or typed as an upright curved line. Two parentheses, ( ),  are generally paired and used to mark off explanatory or qualifying remarks in writing. Parentheses indicate an  interrupting phrase,  a word group (a statement,  question, or  exclamation) that interrupts the flow of a sentence  and can also be set off with  commas  or  dashes. The parenthesis is a type of  bracket, which when paired with another bracket—[  ]—is  used to interject text within other text. Parentheses are prevalent in mathematics, too, where they are used to set off arithmetic symbols as well as numbers, operations, and equations.   Origins of the Parenthesis The symbols themselves first showed up in the late 14th century, with scribes using  virgulae convexae  (also called  half moons) for a variety of purposes. By the end of the 16th century, the  parenthesis  (from the Latin for insert beside) had begun to assume its modern role, as Richard Mulcaster explained in Elementarie, which was published in 1582: Parenthesis is expressed by two half circles, which in writing enclose some perfit branch, as not mere impertinent, so not fullie concident to the sentence, which it breaketh, and in reading warneth us, that the words inclosed by them ar to be pronounced with a lower quikker voice, then the words either before them or after them. In her book Quoting Speech in Early English, Colette Moore notes that parentheses, like other marks of  punctuation, originally had both elocutionary  and  grammatical  functions: [W]e see that whether through vocal or  syntactic  means, the parentheses are taken as a means to downplay the significance of the material enclosed within. Spanning more than 400 years (Moores book was published in 2011), both authors say essentially the same thing: Parentheses separate text that, while important in that it adds meaning, is less significant than the text that falls outside of these punctuation marks. Purpose Parentheses allow for the insertion of some verbal unit that interrupts the normal syntactic flow of the sentence. These are called  parenthetical  elements, which may also be set off by dashes. An example of parentheses in use would be: The students (it must be acknowledged)  are a foul-mouthed bunch. The important information in this sentence is that the students are foul-mouthed. The aside adds texture to the sentence, but the statement would work fine and make sense without the parenthetical information. The Chicago Manual of Style Online explains that parentheses, which are stronger than commas or dashes, set off material from the surrounding text, adding that; Like dashes but unlike commas, parentheses can set off text that has no grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence. The style guide gives these examples: Intelligence tests (e.g., the Stanford-Binet) are no longer widely used.Our final sample (collected under difficult conditions) contained an impurity.Wexford’s analysis (see chapter 3) is more to the point.The disagreement between Johns and Evans (its origins have been discussed elsewhere) ultimately destroyed the organization. The style manual also notes that you can use parentheses as  delimiters for letters or numbers in a list or outline, as well as in academic  uses including  parenthetical references to a list of works cited. Using Parentheses Correctly Parentheses (as with other punctuation marks) can be tricky to use until you understand a few simple rules: Adding additional information:  June Casagrande, author of The Best Punctuation Book, Period., notes that you can use parentheses to convey additional information, such as: The new sedan is fast (it goes from zero to 60 in just six seconds).The boss (who had walked in just in time to see the accident) was furious.She strolled the third  arrondissement  (district). In the first sentence, the statement,  The new sedan is fast, does not end with a period. Instead, you place the period after the parenthetical sentence (as well as the final parenthesis),  it goes from zero to 60 in just six seconds. You also start the parenthetical sentence with a lowercase letter (i) because it is still considered part of the overall sentence and not a separate statement. In the second sentence, you might argue that the parenthetical information (the fact that the boss saw an accident) is key to understanding the sentence. In the third sentence, the parenthetical word district is an English translation of the French word  arrondissement. Though the word  district  is parenthetical, it might be important in helping a non-French-speaking reader understand the sentence. Delimiters for letters or numbers in a list:  The Chicago Manual of Style says you should put parentheses around each number or letter in a list, as in these examples: Compose three sentences to illustrate analogous uses of (1)  commas, (2)  em dashes, and (3)  parentheses.For the duration of the experiment, the dieters were instructed to avoid (a)  meat, (b)  bottled drinks, (c)  packaged foods, and (d)  nicotine. In-text citations/reference information: The Chicago Manual calls them parenthetical citations, while the American Psychological Association (which sets  APA style) calls them in-text citations. These are citations placed within the text in an academic paper, journal article, or book that points the  reader to a more complete citation in the bibliography or references section. Examples, as noted by  Purdue OWL, are: According to Jones (2018), Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time (p. 199).  Jones (2018) found students often had difficulty using APA style (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?The study participants showed no improvement in cholesterol levels (McLellan and Frost, 2012). For these types of parenthetical citations, you generally include the year of the publication, the author(s) names, and, if needed, the page number(s). Note also that in the previous sentence, you can use parentheses around a single letter, indicating that the word number may be singular referring to a single page number, or it may be plural, referring to two or more page numbers or that there may be only a single author or several authors. Mathematical problems:  In  math,  parentheses are used to group numbers or variables, or both. When you see a math problem containing parentheses, you need to use the  order of  operations  to solve it. Take as an  example the problem:  9 - 5 à · (8 - 3) x 2 6. In this problem,  you would  calculate the operation within the parentheses first, even if it is an operation that would normally come after the other operations in the problem. Parenthetical Observations Neil Gaiman really likes parentheses. Biographer Hank Wagner quoted the British author in Prince of Stories: The Many Worlds of Neil Gaiman explaining why he is a fan of these curved punctuation marks: I admired [C.S. Lewiss] use of parenthetical statements to the reader, where he would just go talk to you. Suddenly the author would address a private aside to you, the reader. It was just you and him. Id think, Oh, my gosh, that is so cool! I want to do that! When I become an author, I want to be able to do things in parentheses. Gaimen may feel blessed when the author offers him a personal aside, but other writers say that parentheses may be a clue that the sentence is becoming contorted. As author Sarah Vowell notes in her book, Take the Cannoli: Stories From the New World, with a touch of sarcasm: I have a similar affection for the  parenthesis  (but I always take most of my parentheses out, so as not to call undue attention to the glaring fact that I cannot think in complete sentences, that I think only in short   fragments  or long,   run-on  thought relays that the literati call   stream of consciousness  but I still like to think of as disdain for the finality of the period). So take the advice of The Associated Press Stylebook. Be kind to your readers and use parentheses sparingly. Rewrite your sentence if you find you are including long asides or more than one set of parentheses. Use these punctuation marks only when you have a short, pithy, and interesting bit to convey to readers to heighten their interest—not confuse them.

POL 201 Week 5 Final Paper Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus,...

POL 201 Week 5 Final Paper Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror http://homeworkmonster.com/downloads/pol-201-week-5-final-paper-civil-liberties-habeas-corpus-war-terror/ POL 201 Week 5 Final Paper Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror The final assignment for this course is a Final Paper. The purpose of the Final Paper is to give you an opportunity to apply much of what you have learned about American national government to an examination of civil liberties in the context of the war on terror. The Final Paper represents 20% of the overall course grade. Soon after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Bush administration developed a plan for holding and interrogating captured prisoners. They were†¦show more content†¦Bush as well as the views of the four dissenting justices). 6. Your evaluation of various perspectives on this topic expressed by justices of the Supreme Court, leaders in other branches of government, and commentators in both the academic and popular media. Your assessment should consider several perspectives on this topic, including : a. The role of the President as commander-in-chief. b. The role of Congress in determining when habeas corpus can be â€Å"suspended.† c. The role of the Supreme Court in protecting civil liberties, including the judicial philosophy which should guide the Court in this role, and d. Your personal philosophy, values or ideology about the balance between civil liberties and national security in the context of an unending war on terror. Follow these requirements when writing the Final Paper: 1. The body of the paper (excluding the title page and reference page) must be at least 1,500 words long. 2. The paper must start with a short introductory paragraph which includes a clear thesis statement. The thesis statement must tell readers what the essay will demonstrate. 3. The paper must end with a short paragraph that states a conclusion. The conclusion and thesis must be consistent. 4. The paper must logically develop the thesis in a way that leads to the conclusion, and that development must be supported by facts, fullyShow MoreRelatedPol 201 American National Government2975 Words   |  12 PagesPOL 201 American National Government Follow Link Below To Get Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/pol-201-american-national-government/ Description: ( POL 201 Complete Course quizzes Included ) POL 201 Week 1 DQ 1 Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances. For much of 2011 and 2012, public dissatisfaction with Congress rose to all time highs, with 70-80% expressing disapproval with how Congress does its job. Many commentators note

Aloe Vera Extract Aloe barbadensis Free Essays

string(115) " one of the main ingredients in a number of aloe hair shampoo and conditioners, which are available in the market\." In addition, vitamin A regulates the production of retention acid, a metabolite of retinal which is needed for hair Rexroth. Carrot is an excellent source of antioxidants which help counteract the damaging effects of free radicals that cause hair loss and hair thinning problems. Lime Fruit The first fruit that comes to our minds when it comes to medicinal uses is perhaps the good old lime. We will write a custom essay sample on Aloe Vera Extract Aloe barbadensis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sour citrus fruit can do what many specialist medicines cannot. Lime, bearing the scientific name Citrus Urination, is being used for ages for treatment of various ailments. Lime is consumed throughout the world in sorbets, beverages, refreshing drinks, pickles, Jams, Jellies, snacks, candies, sugar boiled confectioneries and culinary and the oil extracted from its peel or skin is extensively used in soft drink concentrates, body oils, cosmetics, hair oils, tooth pastes, toilet and beauty soaps, disinfectants, mouth washes, deodorants and innumerable other products. There are many varieties of lime found all over the world, particularly in the tropical and the Mediterranean climates. Lime has been used in food preparation and in other non – cooking purposes because of its flavor and tangy odor. When mixed with albumen and aloe Vera, the scent could neutralize the foul odor of the egg albumen and aloe Vera. Albumen (Egg White) The other sub-ingredient of this project is Albumen also known as egg white, is about two-thirds of the total egg’s weight out of its shell with nearly 90% of that weight coming from water. The remaining weight of the egg white comes from protein, trace minerals, fatty material, vitamins, and glucose. Egg white has no dietary cholesterol. Egg white or albumen has been used in the formulation of skincare cosmetics due to its soothing effects on the skin. Pharmaceutical companies also use albumen as one of its ingredients in the manufacture of some drugs. Except for its odor, according to old folks, egg whites have been utilized as hair stiffness in hairstyling synthetic or commercial hair sprays are not yet extensively distributed in the market. Beauty products abound in the market and based on surveys, hairstyling products constitute one of the beauty products frequently bought by consumers. Hairstyling sprays, for one, are used not only by teen aged boys and girls alike but of all ages. These hairsprays, usually from synthetic materials, tend to remove the keratin of the hair. As such, the hair loses its natural shine and becomes brittle due to long usage. Continuous application has been known to damage the hair. Extract from carrot root crops on the other hand when applied to the hair produced a known color. If it will be mixed with a stiffener it could be a potential hairstyling spray with a brownish dye. With the great emphasis on personal grooming and personal looks being advertised these days without regard to the negative effects of synthetically manufactured beauty products, the researchers thought of using extract of carrot root crops with aloe Vera extract, lime Juice and albumen as hairstyling spray, hair retirement at the same time as hair dye to serve as alternative to commercial hairstyling sprays. General Objectives 1. To find out the holding capacity of carrot root crops, aloe Vera extract, lime Juice extracts, albumen mixture as hairstyling spray to different types of hairs. . To assess the sheen produced by Aloe Vera Caroline Hairstyling Spray and Hair Treatment. 3. To evaluate the scent of the Aloe Vera Caroline Hairstyling Spray and Hair Treatment. Spray and Hair 4. To evaluate the effectiveness of Aloe Vera Caroline Hairstyling Treatment as an alternative treatment for dry and dull hair 5. Commercial hairstyling spray. Hairstyling sprays are readily available in the market and are frequently used without regard of the consequences and side effects it can have on the hair such as stiffness, dry and dull among others. At times, a combination of these commercially produced hairstyling products are applied on the hair to achieve a certain kind of look unmindful of the damage it can do to the hair. Hairstyling sprays from organic and herbal plants are not only economical but also environmentally friendly. The used of organic hairstyling spray and hair treatment as well will not only decrease health hazards experience by people using hairstyling prays but also cut the costs spent for these materials. Scope and Limitations Two hundred grams of fresh medium size carrot crops and 1 chicken egg bought from the market, five hundred grams of aloe Vera plant and 3 pieces of randomly picked lime fruit from the researcher’s backyard were used in the study. The Juice of the carrot crops, aloe Vera plant and lime were extracted and mixed with the egg albumen. The respondents were the pupils of Pascal’s Elementary School. The experiment was conducted last September 2012 at Pascal’s Elementary School with the supervision of the science teacher. A school nurse from Algae M. Pascal’s Memorial National High School and some faculty members and the school head were also present during the conduct of the experiment. The variables tested were holding capacity on any types and condition of hair, sheen, scent, as hair treatment and also cost of the hairstyling spray. Other parameters relative to the study were not included. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Aloe Vera Most of us are not aware of the fact, that aloe Vera is a miraculous plant that contains many nutrients including amino acids, minerals, enzymes, vitamins, saccharine, login. The similarity is so evident, that no other plant matches the human body’s biochemistry this closely. Aloe Vera has positive effects not only the skin, but it has also proved to be beneficial to hair. It helps heal the scalp and balances the pH levels as it cleans the pores. Aloe Vera is a natural hair conditioner and you can very well replace aloe Vera for the chemical laden conditioner, which you are currently using. Aloe Vera is one of the main ingredients in a number of aloe hair shampoo and conditioners, which are available in the market. You read "Aloe Vera Extract Aloe barbadensis" in category "Papers" It actually contains all the ingredients required for cleaning ND conditioning in the hair. When aloe Vera is used for an extended period of time, it makes the hair healthy and dense. Aloe Vera is a succulent perennial plant belonging to the lily family. It grows wild in Madagascar and large portions of the African continent. Because of its many countries in the Caribbean and Mediterranean. Many individuals also grow aloe Vera as a house plant. Aloe Vera gel is used to treat minor surface irritations, to reduce even has a reputation as a beauty aid. Various research studies are underway to explore the potential of aloe Vera components to boost immunity and combat HIVE iris, and to treat certain types of cancer (particularly leukemia). Let may even have a role to play in managing diabetes. Carrot Crops Carrot has a thick, fleshy, deeply colored root, which grows underground, and feathery green leaves that emerge above ground. It belongs to the Unbeliever family along with parsnips, fennel caraway, cumin and dill which all have the umbrella – like flower clusters that characterize this of plants. Carrots are biennial plants cultivated popularly as table vegetable. It is native to Eurasia and North Temperate Zone. During the first season of its growth, it forms a rosette of finely vided leaves and stores a surplus of food in its root, which then becomes large and fleshy. Roots are the edible parts and they vary from globular to long and tapering. The roots contain a volatile oil and fixed oil, leaves and seeds contain alkaloids and the seeds contain a bitter colloidal which is found to have soothing effects on the intestinal walls. It contains proteins, magnesium and potassium. Carotene, the orange coloring matter of the root is a good source of pro – vitamin A. Carrots was introduced in the Philippines where it grew abundantly especially in the higher altitudes of the region like Bungee. Hence, carrots are common vegetable product of the province and one of the leading farm products of the region. Eight. Eggs are protein. So you use it in your hair for strengthening it up. The protein helps prevent breaking of the hair. It’s good you used a moisturizing shampoo afterwards. Protein strengthens so you always want to use something to soften to soften it up. Blaming is the main protein found in white egg, making up 60-65% of the total protein. Blaming displays sequence and three-dimensional homology to the serpents superficial, but unlike most serpents it is not a serine protease inhibitor. The function of blaming is unknown, although it is presumed to be a storage protein. Egg white is the common name for the clear liquid (also called albumen or the glarier/ glarier) contained within the egg. It is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen’s oviduct during the passage of the egg. It forms around either fertilize or unfertile egg. It consists mainly of about 15% proteins dissolved in water. Its primary natural purpose is to protect the egg yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo, as it rich in proteins in also of high nutritional value. Unlike the egg yolk, it contains a negligible amount of fat. Cooks have many culinary and non-culinary uses for egg whites. Mousse for example. Egg white also is a viscous 10% solution of proteins and peptides and minerals in water. These proteins are highly nutritive for humans by their amino acids composition, which have been noted several decades ago. In addition, the egg albumen has unique functional properties and food systems, such as stabile foam production. Later it has been noticed that the components of the albumen possess micro-biocide’s and other new functional properties. Albumen is a water soluble rotten that coagulates when heated and found in plasma and egg whites. Albumen has been used to soothe irritated skin or skin rashes. Lime is a citrus fruit belonging to the Rue family (Reeducate). Its fruits like other acids and has a tangy flavor. The fruit Juice is tonic, rejuvenating and refresher. It is native to Southeastern Asia and has been cultivated for thousands of years. In the Philippines, lime is commonly known as adapt and is commonly planted throughout the country in the settled areas for its fruit. It makes a very pleasant aide and is extensively used for flavoring food and for drinks. A native of the Indo- Malay region, it is now cultivated in all warm regions of the world. Dependent Variable Acceptable holding capacity on the different types of hair, sheen, scent and hair treatment compared to the commercial hair spray Independent Variable Aloe Vera, Carrot Root Crops, Lime Fruit and Egg White Extract Controlled Commercial Hair Spray (Michaels Hair Spray) This chapter presents the methodology and the procedures which were employed by the researchers. It includes the locale of the study, research design, experimental lay-out and the statistical measures which were utilized in the conduct of the study. Locale and population of the study This research was conducted at Pascal’s Elementary School Home Economics Room; Buy, Duding, Tuition, Bungee. The experiment variables were 10 pairs of respondents comprised of 1 male and 1 female per pair with different types and 2 pairs of respondents comprised of 1 male and 1 female per pair suffering from dull and dry hair. Research Design Experiment was performed using the completely randomized design (CRUD). The two hundred grams of carrot root crops and one chicken egg were randomly handpicked from the market while the lime fruit and aloe Vera plant was randomly nitpicked from garden of the school. Materials To determine the effect of carrot root crop, aloe Vera extract, lime Juice extracts and albumen mixture as hairstyling sprays at the same time as hair treatment, the following laboratory materials were used by the researchers during the conduct of the experiment. Five 250 ml beakers, one sterile, four – inch kitchen knife, one plastic strainer, five pieces filter papers, one grater, one graduated cylinder, twelve test tubes, electric blender and five spray bottles. Other materials used include carrot root crops, aloe Vera plants, lime fruit, albumen and 10% zone. Procedure A. Collection of Aloe Vera, Carrot Root Crops, Lime Fruit and Egg Two hundred grams of carrot root crops and 1 egg were randomly handpicked from the market while lime fruit and aloe Vera plant was randomly handpicked from the backyard of the school. B. Cleaning, Disinfection of Aloe Vera Plant, Carrot Root Crops, Lime Fruit and Egg 1 . Five hundred grams of aloe Vera plant were placed in a small pan and soaked in water with 10 ml 10% zone solution for 1 minute. 2. Two hundred grams of carrot root crops and 1 egg were randomly handpicked were placed in a 12 inch in diameter plastic plate and soaked in water with 5 ml 10% moron solution for 1 minute. Afterwards, it was sieved and air dried under the shade. 3. Two pieces lime fruit randomly handpicked was taken and placed in a saucer washed with soap and water, and soaked in water with 5 ml 10% zone solution in a minute. Afterwards, it was sieved and air dried under shade. C. Extraction of Aloe Vera Plant, Carrot Root Crop, and Lime Fruit Juice strainer to separate the unneeded parts. The strained extract was blended in an electric blender so that it will be filled with air and become finer. How to cite Aloe Vera Extract Aloe barbadensis, Papers

Mark Twain Research Essay free essay sample

Although the books are comparable in many ways, they vary vastly. Mark Twain grew up on the Mississippi River with his parents and he was one of five children. When Mark was four years old his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri. Due to his father’s death when Mark was 12, his mother was left to raise the children on her own which caused the kids to start work at a young age. Mark’s first job was being an apprentice to a printer in his hometown. Twain then became a steam pilot on his most beloved place- the river. Mark trained with a Confederate militia for two weeks until they disbanded. He began travelling around the country reporting for newspapers, and slowly his novels began forming and becoming more and more popular. He then got married to Olivia Langdon on February 2, 1870. He and his wife had four children, only one of them lived to be married and have kids. Mark suffered from a short-term illness and died shortly after on April 21, 1910 at the age of seventy-four. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Huckleberry Finn, go hand in hand when it comes to being two of America’s greatest novels. The beginning of Huckleberry Finn starts directly with the end of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was published in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn was published in January of 1884. Mark Twain used countless rhetorical strategies throughout his novels. He is most commonly known for his humor, sarcasm, and satire. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a story about a troublemaking boy growing up in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri right along the Mississippi River. Tom lived with his Aunt Polly and his half-brother, Sid. From the very beginning of the book, Tom Sawyer gets in trouble for skipping school and dirtying his clothes in a fight. Aunt Polly forces Tom to whitewash the fence, and as he does this he tricks his friends into giving him small treasures to do the work. Tom was a leader of his friends. He fell in love with the new girl, Becky Thatcher. He also became friends with Huck Finn, the son of the town drunkard. Tom and Huck went on an adventure to a cemetery one night and witness Injun Joe murdering Dr. Robinson. Scared, Tom and Huck agreed to never tell a soul about what they saw. Injun Joe wrongfully blamed Muff Potter for the crime and Tom began to feel very guilty that he knew the truth. Tom, Huck, and one of their friends, Joe Harper, decided to run away to an island to become pirates. The whole town of St. Petersburg began to worry and search the river for the missing bodies. Tom conjured up the great idea to make an appearance at their funerals. Enough guilt came over Tom that he decided to testify in the murder trial against Injun Joe. Potter was found not guilty, and Joe escaped through the courtroom window. Tom began to shadow Injun Joe every night during the summer once Tom finds out that Joe plans to attack the Widow Douglas, a well-respected citizen of St. Petersburg. One night when Tom and Huck were sneaking around a haunted house, they discovered Injun Joe had a stash of gold. With their classmates, Tom and Becky go on an adventure to McDougal’s cave with their classmates. The two get lost in the cave, and people begin to search for them the next morning. Ironically, Injun Joe was using the same cave as a hideout. Tom and Becky eventually make their way to safety and Becky’s father, Judge Thatcher, locksed the cave up with Joe inside and he ended up starving to death. Awhile later, Huck goes back into the cave to fetch the gold for himself. The Widow Douglass adopted Huck Finn, but Huck tried to escape civilized life. However, Tom convinced him to stay by telling Huck that if he does he can join Tom’s robber band. Huck agreed to stay. Huckleberry Finn starts off by familiarizing the reader with events that happened in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The setting of this book is also St. Petersburg. Huck is not thrilled or excited about his new life living with Widow Douglas. He is not fond of the chores, manners, cleanliness, church or school. Huck stays respectable so he is allowed to roam around and be in Tom’s band. Everything was fine until Huck’s drunken father, Pap, returned to town wanting all of Huck’s money he received from the gold. Widow and Judge Thatcher try effortlessly to gain legal custody of Huck, but failed because the new judge in town believes it is Pap’s rights as a father to keep Huck for himself. Widow still tried to keep Huck for himself, but Pap endlessly harassed Huck for months. Widow warned Pap to stay away, but he decided to kidnap Huck and hold him in a cabin across the river. When Pap left the house to drink Huck was locked inside, and when he returned the boy was beaten. Huck was fed up and decided to fake his own death. He killed a pig and spreads its blood all over the cabin. He hid out on Jackson’s Island in the middle of the River and watched as people searched for his body. A few days later, Huck met Jim, one of Miss Watson’s runaway slaves. Despite Huck feeling in the wrong for helping a runaway slave, Jim and Huck teamed up as a great storm flooded the Mississippi. They found a house and raft floating past the island. When they looted the house, they discovered there was a man who had been shot inside. Although the island had been pleasurable, the boys were forced to leave because people from the mainland saw smoke coming from the island. If they weren’t careful they would soon be figured out. They decided to head for the free states so Jim could be freed. On the way to the Ohio River they had an encounter with a gang of robbers but ended up leaving with their money. On a foggy night, the boys miss the Ohio River and run into men looking for escaped slaves. Jim deceived the men, but shortly after a steamboat wrecked into the raft separating Huck and Jim. Jim and Huck were reunited with a fixed raft and continue down the river with two men they rescued from being tracked by armed bandits. The two men turned out to be major conmen and tried to trick the townspeople into thinking that they are two brothers that just received a major inheritance. Huck planned to expose the duke and dauphin but they escaped and make it back to the raft just in time to catch Jim and Huck setting sail once again. The two men commit the worst crime and sell Jim to a local farmer. The house where Jim is being kept turns out to be Tom Sawyer’s aunt and uncle. Tom and Huck started scheming and Huck pretends to be Tom while Tom pretends to be Sid, his younger brother. The boys ransacked Aunt Sally’s house and Tom was shot in the leg during the process. As the end of the story unfolds, it turns out Jim was a free man anyway. His owner, Miss Watson, had died two months earlier and in her will she claimed Jim a free man. Jim then told Huck that the man they saw that was shot in the head was Pap. Aunt Sally offers to adopt Huck and care for him, but Huck stated that he was going to head out west. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were two very diverse characters. Tom Sawyer was a leader; he was very obedient, and was full of imagination. Huckleberry Finn, on the other hand, was a social outcast but he was admired by all the children around him. Everyone wanted to have no rules or stabilization, and he was a mother’s worst nightmare. He did not have a good home to grow up in like Tom did and that was reflected through his rebellious actions. Huck grew up independent and down to earth. Tom had an extravagant imagination that he used when executing his adventures. The two boys transformed and truly learned to care for one another as the novels went on. In the beginning, Tom envied Huck for his independence and freedom. However towards the end Tom persuaded Huck to give up his free lifestyle and live a civilized life with Widow Douglas. One important similarity between the two books was the setting. St. Petersburg was inspired by Mark Twain’s own hometown of Hannibal. St. Petersburg was located right alongside of the Mississippi River about eighty miles from St. Louis. Hannibal and St. Petersburg are almost identical, with many caves and islands all around. Mark Twain grew up spending his time on the river just as the boys did in the books. This was an important aspect of the novels because it allowed Mark Twain to give a full, vivid, and detailed description of the setting. Also, having one setting for two books allows a reader to connect the books together and help unite them together as sequels. A major difference between the two novels was the point of view. Point of view is the lens in which the reader sees and experiences the story through. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was narrated by an omniscient narrator, known as third person point of view. It seemed that this narrator was looking back in time explaining what happened in Tom and Huck’s childhood. However, in Huckleberry Finn, the novel was narrated by Huck Finn himself. This allowed the reader to go deeper into Huck Finn’s life. The reader was able to grow a deeper understanding of what was happening inside Huck’s mind. Due to the differences in the novel, the reader is more likely to feel as if they have a deeper connection with Huck than Tom because they spend a whole novel experiencing his adventures with him. Dialect had a major impact on the novels, and added a whole new dimension to both stories. Because the novels were placed in Missouri, slang and Southern-style talk was heavily used. Mark Twain used this to his advantage using a heavy amount of dialogue. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study. † This quote from chapter six in Huckleberry Finn was stated by Huck himself. This one quote alone puts a strong impression on how Huck felt about structure in his life. The absence of proper English also shows his lack of schooling and also that he was a strong-minded Southern boy. â€Å"Oh, they just have a bully time – take ships, and burn them, and get the money and bury it in awful places in their island where there’s ghosts and things to watch, it, and kill everybody in the ships – make ‘em walk a plank. They don’t kill the women – they’re too noble. And the women’s always beautiful, too. † This quote from chapter thirteen in The Adventures of Tom Sawyers was stated by Tom. He was using his exuberated imagination to describe his thoughts on a pirate’s daily life. This quote along with the quote from Huckleberry Finn truly adds a deeper understanding of each character. Satire, humor, and light-hearted fun were common themes between the two novels. Mark Twain constantly made it possible for the reader to laugh at the silly pranks and antics the two young boys did together. â€Å"My sole idea was to make a comic capital of everything that I saw and heard. My object was not to tell the truth, but to make people laugh. † said MarkTwain. He found pleasure in writing novels that made the public laugh. His stories were not to be taken seriously, but to entertain his readers. This made his novels that much more enjoyable. The Adventures of Tom Sawyers and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain will always be two of America’s greatest and most known novels. Mark Twain added a new dimension to writing. With his use of satire, dialect, and manipulation of point of view, he will be remembered a hundred more years from now. His novels are still making readers laugh today. Mark Twain made it possible for Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn’s adventures come to life on paper. These stories will forever be respected and never be forgotten. Work Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Berkeley: University of California, 1982. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: P. F. Collier amp; Sons, 1912. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Adventures of Tom Sawyers† SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 20 May 2013. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 20 May 2013. Mark Twain Biography. †Famous Biographies amp; TV Shows† A+E Television Networks, LLC. 28 May 2013.

Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example Essay Example

Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example Paper Addiction 4 Essay Introduction INTRODUCTION Addiction is a chronic disorder proposed to be precipitated by a combination of genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its consequences (Webster, 2003). Addiction is often characterized by a craving for more of the drug or behavior, increased physiological tolerance to exposure, and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the stimulus (NIDA, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to review a recently published book that focuses on family involvement in addiction. The book selected for this project was, â€Å"The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment† by Dr. Carlton (Carl) K. Erickson. Dr. Erickson is a research scientist studying the effects of alcohol on the brain for over 30 years. He received his Ph. D. degree in pharmacology from Purdue University in 1965 and taught and preformed research at The University of Kansas and The University of Texas since 1969. He presently is th e Pfizer Centennial Professor of Pharmacology and Director of the Addiction Science Research and Education Center in the College of Pharmacy at the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Erickson is a published professional with over 150 scientific articles and co-authored multiple books on addiction and drug abuse. As a neuroscientist, he believes that addictions are neurochemical disorders. Although, in 1988 the United States Supreme Court declared alcoholism to be willful misconduct (Gerde, 2005), Dr. Erickson bases his belief on decades of comprehensive genetic and neurobiological research that provided evidence that addiction is a disease of the brain with genetic connection. Addiction 4 Essay Body Paragraphs He believes if the addiction is diagnosed early it can be treated successfully. Dr. Erickson is more than qualified to speak on the subject of addiction and any subtopics related to addition. Dr. Erickson’s book is written to a general audience and easy to understand. The book provides a clear and detailed overview of current neurobiological information and treatment programs for addiction based solely on science and provides a brief description of genetics. According to Dr. Erickson there have been possible causative genes identified. He emphasizes in his book that any treatment approach cannot rely on pharmacological solutions alone and that treatment must be individualized, but does not go into great detail. Although, he does refer to group, individual and family counseling his main focus is pharmaceutical treatment. The first chapter of the book clarifies the terminology used throughout the book. The next 7 chapters provide a crash course in the basics of the brain, the an atomy and neurobiology of addiction, genetics and pharmacology. Chapter 8 lists various treatment programs offered for the most widespread addictions to include several types of counseling methods and pharmaceutical treatments. Dr. Erickson focuses on addiction as a disease process and dismisses most psychological aspects of the addicted person, claiming the addicted person is not responsible for their condition. Dr. Erickson’s simply ignores other research and evidence that support a psychological bases for addiction. Although there has been no clear-cut cause identified for addiction, research has identified numerous factors as potential causes. Potential cause are everything from genetic, physiological, biochemical, social and prenatal factors to emotional conflicts, personality traits, learned behavior and stress. His treatment modalities focus on pharmacological treatments disregarding the psychological piece of prevention and treatment not to mention free will and moral responsibility. Scientific research supports addiction as a disease and also supports the idea that there are psychological factors present as potential causative factors as well as plays a significant role in prevention and treatment, (SAMSHA, 2004). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) family does influence prevention and treatment. One of the individual factors related to successful prevention and treatment include motivation to change drug-using behavior and the degree of support from family and friends is crucial. It is important for the families to be part of treatment. They need to be referred to support groups designed to helping them understand their role is intertwined in the addiction. These groups will provide education about the disease in general and how they will assist in treatment. Although, Dr. Erickson has valid scientific research on the topic of addiction and his research is accepted in the medical community his treatment modalities lacks th e whole person concept. NIDA agrees addiction is a disease of the brain because addiction changes the brain’s structure and how the brain works. NIDA explains, the initial decision to indulge in addictive behavior is voluntary, but over time the individual’s ability to exert self control is seriously impaired. Dr. Erickson’s book implies the primary and only contributing factor to addictive behavior is genetic. This is in contrast to NIDA research. NIDA expresses that there are many factors contributing to an individual susceptibility in displaying addictive behavior range from physical make up to environmental influences. According to NIDA only about 40% of the total contributing factors are possibly genetic the rest is psychological, environmental and by choice. The influence of the home environment is in most cases a significant influence. Parents or older family members who abuse alcohol or drugs can increase an individual’s risk of developing their o wn addictive behaviors. NIDA does support the ideas that addiction is a treatable disease. With the discoveries in science and research there have been many advances in addictive treatment. Like other chronic diseases, addiction can be managed successfully. Research shows that combining medications with behavioral therapy is the best way to ensure success for most patients. NIDA and Dr. Erickson agree that treatment approaches must be tailored to address each individual, but differ on the appropriate care plan. Behavioral treatments are recognized by the medical community as an essential part of addiction treatment. Behavioral treatment assists in modifying an individual attitudes and behaviors related to their addiction and increasing their skills to handle stressful circumstances and environmental cues that may trigger intense craving and enhance the effectiveness of medications (SAMSHA, 2004). Getting an addicted person to stop is just one part of the treatment and recovery proce ss. Addiction has disrupted how they function in their family lives, at work and in the community. Because addiction can affect so many aspects of an individual’s life, treatment must address the needs of the entire individual to be successful. Treatment need to meet the individual’s medical, psychological, social, vocational, religious and legal needs (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2008). This is why the best programs incorporate a variety of services into their treatment program. Successful treatment programs across the U. S. include cognitive behavioral, group and family therapies as well as motivational incentives. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps individuals recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations in which they are most likely to fall into addictive behaviors. Motivational incentives use positive reinforcement such as providing rewards or rivileges for appropriate behaviors such as for attending and participating in counseling sessions, or for taking medications as prescribed. Group therapy helps individual face their addiction realistically and come to terms with its harmful consequences, and boost their motivation. Family therapy uses the family strength to assist the individual to find resources to continue in treatment (NIDA, 2008). Dr. Erickson is definitely a qualified professional in the field of addiction and has the credentials in his field of study. He is an accepted expert and member of the medical community. Although, Dr. Erickson’s book â€Å"The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment† has valid research and support from the medical community it has areas in conflict with the medical community as a whole in the area of contributing factors for addiction and treatment modalities. His research on the contributing factors for addiction is validated by the medical and research communities, but is lacking in the complete picture of addiction including other contributing factors such as environment, psycholog ical factors and treatment modalities other then pharmacological treatment. He does make some mention of counseling and therapy, but focuses mostly on pharmacological treatments and therapies. Dr. Erickson’s book did not add to or detract from the text used for this course. The information in Dr. Erickson’s book was straight forward and easy to follow, but could be misleading or misinterpreted simply by not including all factors related to the cause of addiction and treatment. His book was consistent with most other addiction research, but did not follow the line when it came to the whole person concept in causes and treatment. This could possibly be due to the fact that Dr. Erickson has a degree in pharmacology and is a Professor of Pharmacology. His views may be biased as a result of his profession. Although, Dr. Erickson has some differing views his research is valid and does provide useful information to base addiction research, prevention and treatment. Although, this book did not directly focus on family involvement in addition it did focus on the genetic link to addiction which is part of the theory linking family to the root of addictive behaviors. REFERENCES Capuzzi, D. Stauffer, M. (2008). Foundations of Addictions Counseling. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ Erickson, C. (2007). The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment. W. W. Norton Company, Inc: New York, NY Gerde, L. (2005). Addiction : Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven: San Diego Ca Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th Edition (2003). Merriam-Webster: Springfield, MA NIDA (2008). The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction. Retrieved 10 August 2008, from http://www. drugabuse. gov// SAMSHA (October 4, 2004). Addiction Treatment Should Include Family Therapy Practical Guidelines for Counselors. Retrieved 15 August 2008, from www. samhsa. gov/ We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Essay 4 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer